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身体分辨出异物(抗原),并对它们作出特殊的应答,这就是免疫应答。免疾应答是一种很复杂的细胞活性系列,它可以分为两种类型:抗体形成(体液)和细胞介导应答。两种免疫应答是由免疫构成的细胞(immunocomponent cells)之间的互相作用系列,即巨噬细胞和淋巴细胞所完成的。巨噬细胞通过吞噬作用和细胞内消化的能力而起到非特异性保护的作用。此外,它们传递抗原给淋巴细胞.并分泌调节免疫应答的生物学活性介质(monokines单细胞因子)。淋巴细胞为有抗原特异性的细胞,可再分为两大类:B细胞和T细胞。B细胞和抗体的合成和分泌有关。现代免疫学最激动人心的进展之一是出现了可应用于很多领域中的单克隆抗
The body distinguishes foreign bodies (antigens) and makes a special response to them, which is the immune response. Immune response is a complex series of cellular activities, which can be divided into two types: antibody formation (humoral) and cell-mediated response. Both immune responses are accomplished by a series of interactions between immunocomponent cells, macrophages and lymphocytes. Macrophages play a nonspecific protective role by phagocytosis and intracellular digestion. In addition, they deliver antigens to lymphocytes and secrete biologically active mediators (monokines) that modulate the immune response. Lymphocytes are antigen-specific cells that can be subdivided into two broad categories: B cells and T cells. B cell and antibody synthesis and secretion related. One of the most exciting advances in modern immunology is the emergence of monoclonal antibodies that can be applied in many fields