一、概况在国际贸易上升速度明显减缓的今天,世界军火贸易却异常兴隆,数量与金额都有大幅度增长。1979～83年这五年期间,主要常规武器的贸易额按美元不变价格计算,增长了30％。自从第二次世界大战以来,世界武器贸易的一个主要趋势就是从出口商垄断军品市场逐渐发展到出口商之间的竞争。这个发展过程大致可分为两个阶段;第一阶段是五十年代到六十年代,这个时期是霸权者和少数制造商控制武器贸易市场;第二阶段是七十年代到现在,由少数的武器制造商控制市场逐渐向着买方市场转变。1970年以来第三世界的武器出口商和西欧新的武器出口商都竞相挤进世界武器贸易 I. Overview Today, the speed of the rise in international trade has slowed down significantly. The world’s arms trade has been unusually booming, and both its quantity and amount have grown substantially. During the five-year period 1979-83, the trade volume of major conventional weapons was calculated at a constant dollar price, an increase of 30%. Since the Second World War, a major trend in the world arms trade has been the gradual development of monopolists from exporters to the competition among exporters. This development process can be roughly divided into two stages; the first stage is the 1950s to the 1960s, this period is the control of the arms trade market by hegemonists and a few manufacturers; the second stage is from the 1970s to the present, and from a few Weapon manufacturers control the market gradually towards the buyer’s market. Since 1970, third-world arms exporters and Western European new arms exporters have competed to squeeze into the world arms trade.