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在二十世纪的大部分时间,根治型颈淋巴结大块切除术(以下简称清扫术)已成处理头颈部鳞状细胞癌伴颈淋巴结转移的主要措施。1906年Crile描述的典型手术系整块切除引流头颈部原发灶的所有颈淋巴管和淋巴结。切除这些结构会给病人带来不同的功能和美容损害,如切除副神经影响肩功能,产生肩周疼痛以及肩下垂;切除双侧颈内静脉可影响面和脑部循环,导致面部肿胀、头痛,有时神志改变;切除胸锁乳突肌影响美容;切断颈丛感觉神经引起知觉改变以及在某些
During the majority of the twentieth century, radical neck dissection of the lymph nodes (hereinafter abbreviated as dissection) has become the main treatment for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with cervical lymph node metastasis. The typical surgical procedure described by Crick in 1906 was the total resection of all cervical lymph nodes and lymph nodes that drained the head and neck primary lesions. Cutting these structures will bring different functions and cosmetic damages to the patient. For example, the removal of the accessory nerves affects the shoulder function, resulting in shoulder pain and shoulder sagging; removal of the bilateral internal jugular veins can affect the face and brain circulation, resulting in facial swelling, headaches , sometimes changes in consciousness; removal of the sternocleidomastoid muscle affecting cosmetology; severing of the cervical plexus sensory nerve causes changes in perception and in some cases