Objective:The aim of the study was to evaluate the responses and toxicities of liposome encapsulated paclitaxel (LEP) plus cisplatin (DDP) (LP regimen) and paclitaxel (TAX) plus DDP (TP regimen) in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: A total of 89 cases with advanced NSCLC was randomized into two groups: the LP group (57 patients) and the TP group (32 patients). The responses, toxicities and survivals of the two groups were compared. Results: The response rates were 40.00% and 38.71% in the LP and TP groups respectively, but no significant difference was detected between them (P>0.05). The median times to progression (TTP), median remission times, median survival times and 1-year survival rates were 18 weeks, 20 weeks, 35 weeks and 35.09% in the LP group, and 17 weeks, 18 weeks, 31 weeks and 28.15% in the TP group, respectively, and no significant differences were detected between them (P>0.05). The incidence of grades I-II peripheral neuritis in the TP group (37.50%) was significantly higher than that in the LP group (19.29%) (P<0.05). The incidence of grades I-II allergic reaction in the TP group (12.50%) was significantly higher than that in the LP group (5.26%) (P<0.05). And the incidence of grades Ⅲ-IV nausea/vomiting in the TP group (15.63%) was significantly higher than that in the LP group (5.26%) (P<0.01), too. Conclusion: The effect of LP regimen is similar to that of TP regimen, but the incidences of peripheral neuritis, allergic reaction and nausea/vomiting in LP regimen are lower than those in TP regimen. In short, LP regimen may be the first-line chemotherapy regimen of advanced NSCLC. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the responses and toxicities of liposome encapsulated paclitaxel (LEP) plus cisplatin (DDP) (LP regimen) and paclitaxel (TAX) plus DDP (TP regimen) in the treatment of advanced non-small cell Lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: A total of 89 cases with advanced NSCLC was randomized into two groups: the LP group (57 patients) and the TP group (32 patients). The responses, toxicities and survivals of the two groups were compared Results: The response rates were 40.00% and 38.71% in the LP and TP groups respectively, but no significant difference was detected between them (P> 0.05). The median times to progression (TTP), median remission times, median residence times and 1-year survival rates were 18 weeks, 20 weeks, 35 weeks and 35.09% in the LP group, and 17 weeks, 18 weeks, 31 weeks and 28.15% in the TP group, respectively, and no significant differences were detected between them (P> 0.05). The incidence of grades I-II peripheral neuritis in the The incidence of grades I-II allergic reaction in the TP group (12.50%) was significantly higher than that in the LP group (19.29%) (P <0.05) The incidence of grades III-IV nausea / vomiting in the TP group (15.63%) was significantly higher than that in the LP group (5.26%) (P <0.01), too Conclusion: The effect of LP regimen is similar to that of TP regimen, but the incidences of peripheral neuritis, allergic reaction and nausea / vomiting in LP regimen are lower than those in TP regimen. In short, LP regimen may be the first- line chemotherapy regimen of advanced NSCLC.