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过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行或发生的动作。
★ 过去进行时的基本构成
过去进行时由“助动词be的过去式（was / were） + 动词的现在分词”构成，其中was用于第一、三人称单数，were用于第二人称单、复数和其他人称的复数。
肯定句为“主语 + was / were + V-ing”。如：
She was scared because a man was following her at that time.
她很害怕，因为当时有一个男人在跟踪她。
The Smiths were having breakfast at 6：00 this morning.
今天早上6点史密斯一家正在吃早饭。
否定句为“主语 + was / were + not + V-ing”。如：
Alice wasn’t doing her homework when her mom came back.
当她妈妈回来时，爱丽丝没有在做作业。
一般疑问句为“Was / Were + 主语 + V-ing”，肯定回答为Yes， 主语 + was / were，否定回答为No， 主语 + wasn’t / weren’t。如：
—Were your parents watching TV at this time yesterday？
昨天这个时候你的父母在看电视吗？
—Yes， they were. / No， they weren’t.
是的，他们在看。/不，他们没在看。
特殊疑问句为“疑问词（组） + was / were + 主语 + V-ing？”如：
What were you doing when I called you up？
我给你打电话的时候你在干什么？
★ 过去进行时的基本用法
1. 过去进行时表示过去某个具体时刻或某一段时间内正在进行或持续进行的动作，常与之连用的时间状语有then， at that time / moment， at this time yesterday （last night / Sunday / week...）， at+幾点钟+yesterday（last night / Sunday...）， those days， from 9 to 11 yesterday morning， the whole morning等。如：
I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.
昨天这个时候我正在做作业。
They were playing football at four o’clock yesterday afternoon.
昨天下午4点他们正在踢足球。
2. 过去进行时还可以表示过去同时发生的两个持续性的动作，常用while或when连接，从句中要用延续性动词作谓语。如：
When / While my father was reading a newspaper， I was drawing a horse.
当我父亲在读报纸的时候，我正在画一匹马。
3. 用于对比发生在过去的持续性动作和短暂性动作，可以用when或while将两个动作连接起来。这时，持续性动作用过去进行时，而短暂性动作用一般过去时，即：“一般过去时 + while / when + 过去进行时”或“过去进行时 + when + 一般过去时”。如：
While I was listening to music， the door opened.
我正在听音乐的时候，门开了。
The students were playing games when Mr Wang came in.
学生们正在做游戏，这时王老师进来了。
[有些动词通常不用于过去进行时，如like， love， hate等表示心理状态、情感的动词;appear， seem等表示表象的动词;see， feel， sound等感官动词;allow， decide， end等短暂性动词。][注意]
★ 一般过去时与过去进行时的区别
1. 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，动作往往已经完成或结束;而过去进行时则表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作，动作往往还未完成。如：
Jim wrote a letter to his friend last night.
昨晚吉姆给他的朋友写了一封信。（信写完了）
Jim was writing a letter to his friend when his father came back.
他爸爸回来的时候，吉姆正在给他的朋友写信。（信不一定写完）
2. 一般过去时和过去进行时都可以表示过去某段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，但一般过去时只说明过去发生了某事的事实，而过去进行时常用来说明持续性的动作或状态，侧重于动作持续时间的长度。如：
My grandpa worked in the factory ten years ago.
我爷爷10年前在这个工厂工作。
I often went swimming while I was living in Dalian. 我在大连住的时候经常去游泳。
◎ 真题回放
1. （2020·辽宁·抚顺） —Why didn’t Alice come to the party last night？
—Because she online classes at that time.
A. takes B. took C. was taking D. has taken
【答案与解析】C. 依据句中的时间状语at that time判断，答句要用过去进行时，故选C。
2. （2020·贵州·黔西南） While Mike computer games in his room， his dad came in.
A. is playing B. was playing C. will play D. plays
【答案与解析】B. 句意：迈克正在他的房间里玩电脑游戏时，他的爸爸回来了。while引导时间状语从句时，从句中要用进行时态。本题主句为一般过去时，因此从句中要用过去进行时，故选B。
【即時演练】
一、单项选择。
1. —Were you at home from 8 pm to 10 pm yesterday？
—Yes. I a volleyball match on TV.
A. watched B. was watching C. will watch D. am watching
2. Jack in the street he met an old classmate the day before yesterday.
A. was walking; while B. walked; when
C. walked; while D. was walking; when
3. —Why did you shout so excitedly just now？
—Because a strange bird past my window. I never saw one like that before.
A. is flying B. was flying C. flies D. will fly
4. —Did your aunt catch her train this afternoon？
—Yes. The train . Luckily， she got on it at the last moment.
A. was leaving B. left C. is leaving D. will leave
5. —Why do you make so many mistakes in your homework， Sam？
—Sorry， Sir. I about the coming picnic all the time in your last class.
A. thought B. am thinking C. think D. was thinking
二、按要求改写下列句子，每空一词。
1. Jane was taking a shower at 8：30 last night. （改为否定句）
Jane a shower at 8：30 last night.
2. They were playing football when it began to rain. （改为一般疑问句）
they football when it began to rain？
3. Were you reading while your mother was watching TV？ （作肯定回答）
Yes， .
4. Li Ming watches Animal World every day. （改为过去进行时）
Li Ming Animal World at this time yesterday.
5. My mother was cooking when I got home. （对画线部分提问）
your mother when you got home？
参考答案：
一、1～5 BDBAD
二、1. wasn’t taking 2. Were; playing 3. I was 4. was watching 5. What was; doing
★ 过去进行时的基本构成
过去进行时由“助动词be的过去式（was / were） + 动词的现在分词”构成，其中was用于第一、三人称单数，were用于第二人称单、复数和其他人称的复数。
肯定句为“主语 + was / were + V-ing”。如：
She was scared because a man was following her at that time.
她很害怕，因为当时有一个男人在跟踪她。
The Smiths were having breakfast at 6：00 this morning.
今天早上6点史密斯一家正在吃早饭。
否定句为“主语 + was / were + not + V-ing”。如：
Alice wasn’t doing her homework when her mom came back.
当她妈妈回来时，爱丽丝没有在做作业。
一般疑问句为“Was / Were + 主语 + V-ing”，肯定回答为Yes， 主语 + was / were，否定回答为No， 主语 + wasn’t / weren’t。如：
—Were your parents watching TV at this time yesterday？
昨天这个时候你的父母在看电视吗？
—Yes， they were. / No， they weren’t.
是的，他们在看。/不，他们没在看。
特殊疑问句为“疑问词（组） + was / were + 主语 + V-ing？”如：
What were you doing when I called you up？
我给你打电话的时候你在干什么？
★ 过去进行时的基本用法
1. 过去进行时表示过去某个具体时刻或某一段时间内正在进行或持续进行的动作，常与之连用的时间状语有then， at that time / moment， at this time yesterday （last night / Sunday / week...）， at+幾点钟+yesterday（last night / Sunday...）， those days， from 9 to 11 yesterday morning， the whole morning等。如：
I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.
昨天这个时候我正在做作业。
They were playing football at four o’clock yesterday afternoon.
昨天下午4点他们正在踢足球。
2. 过去进行时还可以表示过去同时发生的两个持续性的动作，常用while或when连接，从句中要用延续性动词作谓语。如：
When / While my father was reading a newspaper， I was drawing a horse.
当我父亲在读报纸的时候，我正在画一匹马。
3. 用于对比发生在过去的持续性动作和短暂性动作，可以用when或while将两个动作连接起来。这时，持续性动作用过去进行时，而短暂性动作用一般过去时，即：“一般过去时 + while / when + 过去进行时”或“过去进行时 + when + 一般过去时”。如：
While I was listening to music， the door opened.
我正在听音乐的时候，门开了。
The students were playing games when Mr Wang came in.
学生们正在做游戏，这时王老师进来了。
[有些动词通常不用于过去进行时，如like， love， hate等表示心理状态、情感的动词;appear， seem等表示表象的动词;see， feel， sound等感官动词;allow， decide， end等短暂性动词。][注意]
★ 一般过去时与过去进行时的区别
1. 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，动作往往已经完成或结束;而过去进行时则表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作，动作往往还未完成。如：
Jim wrote a letter to his friend last night.
昨晚吉姆给他的朋友写了一封信。（信写完了）
Jim was writing a letter to his friend when his father came back.
他爸爸回来的时候，吉姆正在给他的朋友写信。（信不一定写完）
2. 一般过去时和过去进行时都可以表示过去某段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，但一般过去时只说明过去发生了某事的事实，而过去进行时常用来说明持续性的动作或状态，侧重于动作持续时间的长度。如：
My grandpa worked in the factory ten years ago.
我爷爷10年前在这个工厂工作。
I often went swimming while I was living in Dalian. 我在大连住的时候经常去游泳。
◎ 真题回放
1. （2020·辽宁·抚顺） —Why didn’t Alice come to the party last night？
—Because she online classes at that time.
A. takes B. took C. was taking D. has taken
【答案与解析】C. 依据句中的时间状语at that time判断，答句要用过去进行时，故选C。
2. （2020·贵州·黔西南） While Mike computer games in his room， his dad came in.
A. is playing B. was playing C. will play D. plays
【答案与解析】B. 句意：迈克正在他的房间里玩电脑游戏时，他的爸爸回来了。while引导时间状语从句时，从句中要用进行时态。本题主句为一般过去时，因此从句中要用过去进行时，故选B。
【即時演练】
一、单项选择。
1. —Were you at home from 8 pm to 10 pm yesterday？
—Yes. I a volleyball match on TV.
A. watched B. was watching C. will watch D. am watching
2. Jack in the street he met an old classmate the day before yesterday.
A. was walking; while B. walked; when
C. walked; while D. was walking; when
3. —Why did you shout so excitedly just now？
—Because a strange bird past my window. I never saw one like that before.
A. is flying B. was flying C. flies D. will fly
4. —Did your aunt catch her train this afternoon？
—Yes. The train . Luckily， she got on it at the last moment.
A. was leaving B. left C. is leaving D. will leave
5. —Why do you make so many mistakes in your homework， Sam？
—Sorry， Sir. I about the coming picnic all the time in your last class.
A. thought B. am thinking C. think D. was thinking
二、按要求改写下列句子，每空一词。
1. Jane was taking a shower at 8：30 last night. （改为否定句）
Jane a shower at 8：30 last night.
2. They were playing football when it began to rain. （改为一般疑问句）
they football when it began to rain？
3. Were you reading while your mother was watching TV？ （作肯定回答）
Yes， .
4. Li Ming watches Animal World every day. （改为过去进行时）
Li Ming Animal World at this time yesterday.
5. My mother was cooking when I got home. （对画线部分提问）
your mother when you got home？
参考答案：
一、1～5 BDBAD
二、1. wasn’t taking 2. Were; playing 3. I was 4. was watching 5. What was; doing