论文部分内容阅读
目的了解天津市百日咳流行病学特征及相关影响因素。方法利用描述流行病学方法对历年百日咳疫情资料进行分析,应用酶联免疫吸附试验对社区人群抗体水平进行定量检测。结果天津市从1953-2009年百日咳年平均发病率为63.02/10万,流行周期为3～5年。每年以春夏季高发。高发人群以散居儿童为主,成年人发病构成比呈增加趋势。流动人口发病所占比例逐年增高。百白破疫苗报告接种率与百日咳发病率呈负相关(r=-0.842)。白喉、破伤风类毒素和无细胞百日咳疫苗(DTaP)中百日咳免疫成功率为73.33%。2007年、2009年百日咳抗体阳性率分别为66.42%和47.11%,<7岁人群抗体阳性率显著低于≥7岁组人群,差异有统计学意义。结论天津市随着疫苗接种率的提高,百日咳发病率逐年下降。为防止天津市百日咳的再现,应进一步做好适龄儿童的免疫接种、有效接种,适时调整百日咳免疫策略。同时应积极开展百日咳社区监测工作,提高百日咳的报告率和确诊率。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of pertussis in Tianjin and its influencing factors. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the prevalence data of pertussis in the past years. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect antibody levels in the community population. Results The average annual incidence of whooping cough in Tianjin from 1953-2009 was 63.02 / lakh and the epidemic period was 3-5 years. High in spring and summer every year. High prevalence of the crowd to diaspora mainly adult incidence ratio increased. The proportion of floating population increased year by year. The reported incidence of diphtheria-pertussis vaccination was negatively correlated with the incidence of pertussis (r = -0.842). Diphtheria, tetanus toxoid and acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP) pertussis immunization success rate was 73.33%. In 2007 and 2009, the positive rate of pertussis antibody was 66.42% and 47.11%, respectively. The positive rate of antibody in the group of <7 years old was significantly lower than that of the group of ≥7 years old, the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion With the increase of vaccination rate in Tianjin, the incidence of pertussis declines year by year. In order to prevent the recurrence of whooping cough in Tianjin, children of school-age children should be further immunized and vaccinated effectively to timely adjust pertussis immunization strategies. At the same time should actively carry out monitoring of pertussis community, improve the report rate and diagnosis of pertussis.