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一、第二次世界大战后世界石油市场价格的风云变化二次大战后,随着科学技术的进步和资本主义经济的发展,石油取代煤炭成为世界的主要能源。在世界市场上,石油贸易的流向主要是从发展中国家、特别是石油输出国组织成员国输往西方资本主义国家。70年代以前,中东地区产油国的石油开采、提炼和销售,均被国际石油垄断组织所控制。由于这个垄断组织操纵着世界石油市场价格,因而它们可以任意规定世界石油市场价格,不容买方有讨价还价的余地。
I. Changes in World Oil Market Prices After the Second World War After World War II, as science and technology progressed and the capitalist economy developed, oil replaced coal as the world’s major energy source. In the world market, the flow of oil trade is mainly exported from the developing countries, especially the member countries of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries to western capitalist countries. Before the 1970s, oil mines in the Middle East were extracted, refined, and sold by oil-dominated nations in the Middle East, all controlled by the international petroleum monopolies. Since this monopoly controls the prices of world oil markets, they can arbitrarily set the world oil market prices without any bargaining power on the part of the buyer.