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苏联邮电部门从1988年起将分批实行经济体制改革,即实行完全的经济核算和自筹资金。这是一项非常复杂的改革,要牵涉到现有管理机构和企业的调整,还要同时进行工资制度的改革。完全经济核算与不完全经济核算的区别在于后者是包括简单再生产,前者则同时包括扩大再生产,即所谓自筹资金,今后基建投资均由企业自筹。在此之前,已经在一些地区进行了改革试点。按照政府的决定,邮电部系统分三批实行改革。第一批是邮电企业、管理局(邮电联合体)和承包单位,从1988年1月1日起实行。第二批是各科研单位和设计单位,从1988年7月1日起实行。第三批是邮电部属工业企业,从1989年1月1日起实行。从实行改革的头几个月来的情况看,总的来说,虽然时间还较短,还难以作出全面评价,但已取得一
The Soviet post and telecommunications department will implement the reform of the economic system in batches starting from 1988, that is, to implement complete economic accounting and self-financing. This is a very complicated reform that involves the adjustment of the existing governing bodies and enterprises and the reform of the wage system at the same time. The difference between complete economic accounting and partial economic accounting lies in the fact that the latter includes simple reproduction. The former also includes the expansion of reproduction, which is called self-financing. In the future, infrastructure investment will be raised by enterprises themselves. Prior to this, pilot reforms have been conducted in some areas. According to the government’s decision, the system of the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications implemented reform in three batches. The first batch of post and telecommunications enterprises, the Authority (postal and telecommunications) and contractors, from January 1, 1988 come into effect. The second batch is the research units and design units, from July 1, 1988 come into effect. The third installment is a post and telecommunications subordinate industrial enterprises, from January 1, 1989 come into effect. Judging from the first months of the reform, in general, although it is still relatively short, it is still hard to make a comprehensive assessment. However, one