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目的了解贫困大学生钙铁营养状况,探讨其营养干预措施。方法采用膳食记帐法及人体钙铁营养水平生化指标测定和临床检查方法,对山西大同大学医学院211名贫困生进行调查。结果①富含钙、铁食物日食用率分别为55.3%和44.2%,周食用频次分别为9.9次和7.9次;蔬菜水果日食用率为35.7%,周食用频次为6.8次。②血清钙、铁均在正常范围内;③血红蛋白低于正常的6.2%,男生4.2%,女生6.7%,男女差异无统计学意义;④骨源性碱性磷酸酶高于正常的59.7%,男生79.2%,女生54%,男女差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论医学院校贫困生多数膳食钙、铁摄入基本能满足生理需要;机体钙缺乏普遍,59.7%的处于缺钙亚健康状态,男生高达79.2%,此现象可能与生理因素有关;贫血患病率低,仅为6.2%,男女差异无统计学意义;血清铁测定结果显示该群体并不缺铁,血红蛋白低于正常的现象,需进一步调查微量元素铜及其他相关因素。
Objective To understand the calcium and iron nutrition status of poor college students and to explore their nutritional interventions. Methods A total of 211 impoverished students from Shanxi Datong University Medical College were investigated by the method of dietary accounting and biochemical detection of calcium and iron in human body and clinical examination. Results ① The daily edible rates of calcium and iron foods were 55.3% and 44.2% respectively, and the weekly edible frequency was 9.9 times and 7.9 times respectively. The daily edible rate of fruits and vegetables was 35.7% and the frequency of weekly edible food was 6.8 times. Serum calcium and iron are in the normal range; hemoglobin is lower than the normal 6.2%, male 4.2%, female 6.7%, no significant difference between men and women; ④ bone alkaline alkaline phosphatase higher than the normal 59.7% 79.2% boys and 54% girls, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). Conclusions Most of the impoverished students in medical colleges and universities need dietary calcium and iron intake basically to meet the physiological needs. The body calcium deficiency is common, 59.7% of them are in the state of calcium deficiency and sub-health, with 79.2% of male students. This phenomenon may be related to the physiological factors. Rate was low, only 6.2%, no significant difference between men and women; serum iron test results showed that the group is not iron deficiency, hemoglobin is lower than normal phenomenon, further investigation of trace elements copper and other related factors.