在外语交际中,语言知识固然是一个重要的前提,然而,交际能力也是一个决定交际成败的重要因素。交际能力,英语叫 communicative competence,是美国著名社会语言学家 Hymes 提出来的关于语言使用的一个重要概念。简要说来,交际能力就是知道在什么地方(where)对谁(whom)什么时候(when)说什么话(what)怎么说(how)。显而易见,这种语言之外的能力与不同的社会文化观念有关。有些学习英语的朋友,英语语言的知识还掌握得不错,但在与英美人实际交往 In foreign language communication, language knowledge is an important prerequisite. However, communicative competence is also an important factor in determining the success or failure of communication. Communicative competence, English is called communicative competence, which is an important concept put forward by Hymes, a famous American social linguist. In short, communicative competence is to know where and what to say when (what) what (what) you say. Obviously, this ability outside the language is related to different social and cultural concepts. Some English-speaking friends have good knowledge of English language, but have actual interaction with English and Americans.