船舶优先权作为一项古老而特别的海商法法律制度,一直是学者关注和研究的重点,本文分析了三个国际条约和不同法系的国家在船舶优先权制度行使的基本问题上的不同规定,包括明确谁有权行使船舶优先权,船舶优先权又该向谁来主张,以及担保着这种主张的标的范围如何界定以及怎样排序等一系列问题。其中,重点分析了我国在相关方面的规定。 As an ancient and special maritime legal system, maritime priority has always been the focus of scholars’ attention and research. This paper analyzes the different provisions of the three international treaties and the different legal system countries on the basic issues concerning the exercise of the maritime lien system , Including a series of questions such as the definition of who has the right to exercise the priority of a ship, the point to whom the maritime priority should be claimed, and the scope of the subject matter that guarantees such claim. Among them, the focus of our country in the relevant provisions.