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采用田间试验方法,以雨养条件为对照,研究3种灌溉处理(滴灌、覆膜滴灌、覆膜限量补灌)对玉米相对叶绿素质量浓度(SPAD值)、光合特性及产量和水分利用效率的影响,探讨不同膜下滴灌节水增产的效果及内在机制。结果表明,覆膜增加玉米苗期叶绿素质量浓度,在拔节期覆膜的作用减弱,抽雄期SPAD值依次为覆膜限量补灌>覆膜滴灌>滴灌>雨养。与对照相比,覆膜滴灌、覆膜限量补灌玉米地上部干物质重分别增加22.8%~52.8%和20.3%~48.0%;玉米产量增加1 261 kg/hm2和1 300 kg/hm2,增产12.7%和13.1%;提高水分利用效率0.83 kg/m3和1.23 kg/m3,提高水分生产效率0.30 kg/m3和0.36 kg/m3。覆膜限量补灌在不影响光合产物积累的基础上,比覆膜滴灌节水60%。
Field experiments were conducted to compare the effects of three irrigation treatments (drip irrigation, drip irrigation with plastic film and limited irrigation with film) on the relative chlorophyll concentration (SPAD), photosynthetic characteristics, yield and water use efficiency of maize Influence, to explore the effect and mechanism of drip irrigation under different film drip irrigation. The results showed that the film mulching increased the chlorophyll concentration of maize seedling and the effect of film mulching at jointing stage was weakened. The SPAD value at the tasseling stage was in turn limited to film mulching, mulch drip irrigation and drip irrigation. Compared with the control, the dry weight of above-ground parts increased by 22.8% -52.8% and 20.3% -48.0% in mulched drip irrigation and film mulching, while the yield of maize increased by 1 261 kg / hm2 and 1 300 kg / hm2, respectively 12.7% and 13.1% respectively; increasing water use efficiency by 0.83 kg / m3 and 1.23 kg / m3, and increasing water productivity by 0.30 kg / m3 and 0.36 kg / m3. Film-limited irrigation does not affect the accumulation of photosynthetic products on the basis of water-saving than the membrane drip irrigation 60%.