写作，作为四项语言基本技能之一，最能反映学习者的语言运用能力，其重要性不容质疑。学生在英语写作中普遍存在的一些问题有：词汇贫乏，内容空洞；词语搭配不当；表达单一，无句型或句式不丰富；母语痕迹明显；谋篇布局不合理，语篇结构松散等问题。针对上述现象，我们应如何帮助这些学生提高写作的效率呢？笔者认为应用词块教学法，巧设写作模板是提高学生特别是学困生写作效率的一种切实可行的方法。
　　一、词块的定义及对写作的影响
　　词块是语言使用者在语言输入和输出过程中频繁使用的，具有特定语义和结构并以固定或者半固定形式存在的，有利于提高语言生成能力的短语、固定搭配、习惯用语和句式。词块有如下特点：一是预制性。每一种语言都存在着大量公式化的，预制性的词块。掌握大量词块是以后熟练和创造性使用语言的基础。二是词块集语义，语境和语法为一体。也就是说，词块的使用是为了表达特定的意义，词块的构成有着一定的结构和规则。三是约定性。许多词块是人们在语言行为过程中约定俗成的，它们按照特定的社会惯例而形成并有固定或半固定的搭配。
　　词块是语法、语义和语境的结合体，形式较为固定，是语言的半成品，能够被整体学习并储存在记忆中，在使用时能够直接提取，学生无需花费时间根据语法规则组词造句，有效提高语言资源信息处理的效率，从而减少了限时写作的压力。
　　二、利用词块原理，巧设写作模板
　　老师在写作教学中，如果能利用词块原理巧设写作模板，同时根据写作文体不同，设计不同写作模板。势必可以让学困生知道写作从哪开始，该写些什么，从而提高其写作效率。
　　（一）发表观点类作文
　　Along with the development of...， more and more.../ It has to be noticed that.....But it
　　is a pity that....Take...for example/As a result， we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem./ Every coin has two sides， and ...is not an exception， which has both advantages and disadvantages./The reasons are as follows.
　　（二）对比观点类
　　The topic of...（主题）is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions about it.
　　Some people say it is ....They hold their view for the reason of （支持理由一）Besides...（理由二）.Moreover...（理由三）
　　While others think that it is ...in the following three reasons.Firstly...Secondly （besides）...Thirdly（finally）...
　　From my point of view，I think....The reason is that...
　　（三）阐述主题类作文
　　The good old proverb...means that...
　　Indeed，we can learn many things from it. First of all，...For example...Secondly....Another case is that...Furthermore...
　　As far as I am concerned...In short， whatever you do， please remember the saying...If you understand it and apply it to you study or work， you will necessarily benefit a lot from it.
　　（四）圖表作文类作文
　　The pictures/tables/figures show that.../As is shown in the pictures/tables that../From the pictures we can see that.../The table shows the changes in the number of ...from...to.../an obvious trend in ../a downward trend in.../
　　There are at least two good reasons accounting for...，On the one hand，..On the other hand，.../...is due to the fact that...，In addition，... is responsible for ...，Maybe there are some other reasons to show....But it’s generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.
　　As far as I am concerned， I hold the point of view that.../In conclusion，... 　　（五）说明文类作文
　　As is well known，....It is obvious that...So how to ...is worth paying attention to.
　　First of all/Firstly/In the first place，...Secondly/In the second place/In addition/Moreover..Thirdly/Besides/What’s more，....In fact， ways to...are countless.
　　It is necessary/ time that we should...
　　（六）记叙类作文
　　Here is one more example./Take ...for example.
　　Along with the development of..，more and more.../As time went by..../Of all the people I know，perhaps none deserves my respect more than.../In the course of my schooling.I will never forget.../Whenever I think of ...I cannot but feel...
　　Mr liu，....， is easygoing. （隔斷句式）
　　The weather being fine， a large number of people went to.....（独立主格结构）
　　（七）书信类作文
　　Dear...，
　　I’m writing to you to...that.../I’m ... to hear that...（写信目的）
　　As is known to all.../As you mentioned in your last letter...（陈述事实）
　　In my point of view.../As for me...（陈述观点或建议）
　　With best wishes！ I’m looking forward to your reply！/I’d appreciate it if you could reply earlier.（结束语）
　　总而言之，笔者认为基于词块的教学法符合人类语言的认知规律，有助于培养学生运用目的语进行交流的能力。老师在写作教学中，应当鼓励学生利用所学过的词块，练习造句，练习汉英互译，并且要勤于模仿写作模板，这样才能加强学困生的英语写作基本技能，提高写作效率。