论文部分内容阅读
本文利用养分渗滤设施对氮素变化、移动及其对环境质量和作物产量的影响进行了三年６茬的试验研究。结果表明，施用铵态氮和尿素肥料之后，首先是以铵态氮和酰铵态氮聚集于０～１０ｃｍ土层，并部分下移到２０～４０ｃｍ土层。２０天左右逐步转化为硝态氮并滞留在０～１０ｃｍ土层。在春季降雨或灌水时可淋洗到４０～６０ｃｍ土层，夏秋季节降雨较多，硝态氮淋洗到４０～６０ｃｍ土层，甚至到８０ｃｍ土层以下，造成地下水和环境污染。氮素流失量的顺序是施氮素１５ｋｇ＞１０ｋｇ＞５ｋｇ，单施氮肥＞氮＋有机肥。施肥的经济效益顺序是每亩施氮素５ｋｇ＞１０ｋｇ＞１５ｋｇ，但生物量和籽粒产量的顺序是１０ｋｇ＞１５ｋｇ＞５ｋｇ。１０ｋｇ的施氮量比较合适。肥料利用率，经用标记１５Ｎ测定，施肥量为１０ｋｇ氮的尿素和硝酸铵的利用率，第一茬约为３５％，第二茬约为１２％，第三茬约为５％，第四茬约为３％。
In this paper, the use of nutrient infiltration facilities on the nitrogen changes, the movement and its impact on environmental quality and crop yield for six years of three years of experimental study. The results showed that ammonium nitrogen and urea fertilizer were applied firstly to the accumulation of ammonium nitrogen and ammonium ammonium nitrogen in 0 ~ 10cm soil layer and partly to 20 ~ 40cm soil layer. 20 days gradually transformed into nitrate nitrogen and stay in 0 ~ 10cm soil layer. Rainfall or irrigation in the spring can be rinsed to 40 ~ 60cm soil layer, more rainfall in summer and fall, nitrate leaching to 40 ~ 60cm soil layer, or even to 80cm soil layer, resulting in groundwater and environmental pollution. Nitrogen loss in the order of nitrogen application 15kg> 10kg> 5kg, single application of nitrogen> nitrogen + organic fertilizer. The order of economic benefit of fertilization is 5kg> 10kg> 15kg nitrogen per acre, but the sequence of biomass and grain yield is 10kg> 15kg> 5kg. Nitrogen fertilizer 10kg more appropriate. Fertilizer utilization, as measured by the marker 15N, utilization of urea and ammonium nitrate at 10 kg nitrogen, was about 35% for the first crop, about 12% for the second crop, about 5% for the third crop, and fourth About 3% crop.