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目的评价流动渔船民粪便管理为主的综合防治措施对控制血吸虫病的效果,为实施传染源控制策略提供有效防治措施。方法收集记录对策实施情况,采用现场调查的方法,每年对渔船民集散地采用系统抽样法进行螺情调查,并对渔船民进行病情调查,比较对策实施前后集散地螺情指标和渔船民病情指标变化趋势以及扬州市血吸虫病疫情变化。结果2006～2008年在扬州市53个渔船民集散地建造三格式无害化公厕103座,对22处集散地实施了安全用水,发放粪便收集容器1907只,发放防蚴霜8159支,开展集散地药物灭螺2316.74hm2,渔船民查病9698人次,2006年淘汰处理耕牛91头。2005～2008年共捕获解剖钉螺40434只,发现感染性钉螺36只,各年查出感染性钉螺面积分别为55.11、9.00、9.00hm2和2.00hm2,钉螺感染率为0.133%、0.132%、0.052%和0.035%,4年共开展渔船民查病11680人次,查出粪检阳性15例,各年渔船民血吸虫感染率分别为0.36%、0.08%、0.14%和0。对策实施3年后,集散地感染性钉螺面积、钉螺感染率和渔船民血吸虫感染率分别下降了96.37%、73.77%和100%。全市感染性钉螺面积、钉螺感染率和居民血吸虫病患病率分别由110.03hm2、0.111%和0.13%下降到4.00hm2、0.012%和0.03%,分别下降了96.36%、89.19%和76.92%。结论在全面实施“以机代牛”的沿江地区,实施渔船民粪便管理为主的综合防治措施能够逐步控制血吸虫病流行。
Objective To evaluate the effect of comprehensive prevention and control measures of manure management of floating fishing boat on the control of schistosomiasis and provide effective prevention and control measures for the control strategy of infection sources. Methods To collect and record the implementation of the measures, the method of on-the-spot investigation was used to investigate the spirits of the floating population every year using the method of systematic sampling, and the condition investigation of the fishing boat people was carried out. Before and after the implementation of the measures, And the change of epidemic situation of schistosomiasis in Yangzhou City. Results From 2006 to 2008, 103 sanitary toilets of three formats were built in 53 fishing boat dispersed centers in Yangzhou City. Safety water was distributed to 22 distribution centers, and 1907 feces collection containers were distributed. 8,159 anti-sarcophoric creams were distributed. Snail 2316.74hm2, 9698 fishing boat people check disease, cattle out in 2006 to deal with 91 head of cattle. A total of 40434 dissected snails were captured from 2005 to 2008, and 36 snails were found to be infectious. The area of infected snails was 55.11,9.00,9.00 hm2 and 2.00 hm2 respectively, and the infection rates of snails were 0.133%, 0.132% and 0.052% And 0. 035% respectively. A total of 11,680 fishing boat illnesses were carried out in 4 years and 15 were found to be positive for stool tests. The prevalence rates of schistosomiasis were 0.36%, 0.08%, 0.14% and 0 respectively. Three years after the implementation of the countermeasures, the area of infectious snails, the infection rate of snails and the infection rates of fishing boat people decreased by 96.37%, 73.77% and 100% respectively. Infectious snail area, snail infection rate and the prevalence of schistosomiasis in the city decreased from 110.03hm2, 0.111% and 0.13% to 4.00hm2, 0.012% and 0.03% respectively, down by 96.36%, 89.19% and 76.92% respectively. Conclusion The comprehensive prevention and control measures based on the management of the manure of fishing boat people in the areas where the full implementation of the “take the lead on behalf of the cattle” can gradually control the epidemic of schistosomiasis.