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厚煤层综合机械化长壁放顶煤开采方法是20世纪70～80年代出现、受到各主要产煤国广泛注意,并在中国首先成功推广使用的一种新采煤方法。这种新采煤方法只在下部煤层中布置采煤工作面,上部煤炭则从支架上的窗口放出。它将原来厚煤层需分层多次才能采出的煤炭一次性采出,具有许多显著优点。 放顶煤开采新技术在经济效益上有着巨大的优势,使采煤方法产生了根本性的变革。但是,放顶煤开采新技术对工作面采场围岩的破坏范围大,回采率低,瓦斯涌出量加大,出现了自然发火严重、煤尘超标等技术和安全问题。由于过去对该技术的基础研究欠缺,制约了该技术在我国的进一步发展。 为了解决放顶煤开采新技术中基础问题,国家自然科学基金委员会1995开始酝酿,1997年正式立项资助“厚煤层全高开采方法基础研究”。以中国矿业大学(北京)吴健教授为负责人,中国工程院院士谢和平、
The mechanized longwall top coal caving mining method of thick coal seam is a new coal mining method that emerged in the 1970s and 1980s and was widely noticed by all the major coal producing countries and successfully promoted in China. The new coal mining method only arranges the coal mining face in the lower coal seam, while the upper coal discharges from the window on the support. It will be the original thickness of the coal seam to be taken out several times the coal one-time mining, with many significant advantages. The new technology of top coal caving has a huge advantage in economic benefits, which has led to a fundamental change in the coal mining method. However, the new technology of top coal caving has a great damage to the surrounding rock in the working face, low recovery rate and increase of gas emission. There are some technical and safety problems such as serious natural fire and excessive coal dust. Due to the lack of basic research on this technology in the past, this technology has restricted the further development of this technology in our country. In order to solve the basic problems in the new technology of caving mining, the National Natural Science Foundation of China began to deliberation in 1995 and formally funded the “basic research on the method of full-height mining of thick coal seam” in 1997. With China University of Mining (Beijing) Professor Wu Jian as the responsible person, Chinese Academy of Engineering Xie peace,