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目的探讨产前注射盐酸氨溴索和倍他米松对大鼠胎肺形态发育的影响。方法12只孕鼠随机分成4组:盐酸氨溴索组、倍他米松1d组、3d组及对照组,每组3只大鼠。盐酸氨溴索组、倍他米松3d组从妊娠第16天起分别腹腔注射3d盐酸氨溴索100mg/(kg·d)、倍他米松0·2mg/(kg·d);倍他米松1d组在妊娠第16、17天注射生理盐水,第18天注射倍他米松0·2mg/(kg·d);对照组在同样时间连续3d注射生理盐水。在妊娠第19天将孕鼠处死后立即剖腹取仔鼠,每只孕鼠取6只胎鼠肺组织,通过光镜观察、图像分析及电镜技术比较2种药物、不同疗程对孕鼠的胎仔肺组织形态结构影响。结果光镜下各治疗组与对照组相比肺泡间隔薄(P<0·001),呼吸膜周径及肺泡表面积均增大(P<0·05),以倍他米松3d组改变最为明显(P<0·001)。倍他米松1d组较盐酸氨溴索组肺泡间隔薄,呼吸膜周径大(P<0·05)。倍他米松3d组较1d组肺泡间隔薄,呼吸膜周径及肺泡表面积大(P<0·001)。透射电镜下治疗组肺泡Ⅱ型上皮内可见板层小体,细胞器多见,以倍他米松3d组改变最为明显,而对照组内未见板层小体,细胞器少见。结论产前注射盐酸氨溴索、倍他米松均能显著促进胎肺发育,倍他米松重复给药效果优于单次,倍他米松疗效优于盐酸氨溴索。
Objective To investigate the effect of prenatal injection of ambroxol hydrochloride and betamethasone on fetal lung morphology in rats. Methods Twelve pregnant rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: ambroxol hydrochloride group, betamethasone 1d group, 3d group and control group, 3 rats in each group. Ambroxol hydrochloride group and betamethasone 3d group were given intraperitoneal injection of ambroxol 100 mg / (kg · d) and betamethasone 0.2 mg / (kg · d) intraperitoneally on the 16th day of pregnancy respectively; Rats were injected with normal saline on the 16th and 17th day of gestation, and 0.2 mg / (kg · d) of betamethasone on the 18th day. The control group was given normal saline at the same time. Pregnant rats were sacrificed immediately after sacrifice on the 19th day of gestation. The rats were sacrificed by intraperitoneal injection. The lung tissues of 6 fetuses were taken from each pregnant rat. Two kinds of drugs were compared by light microscope, image analysis and electron microscopy. Lung tissue morphology and structure effects. Results Compared with the control group, the thickness of the alveolar septum (P <0.001), the diameter of the respiratory membrane and the alveolar surface area of the treated groups were all increased (P <0.05), and the change was most obvious in the betamethasone group (P <0 · 001). Betamethasone 1d group than the ambroxol alveolar septum thin, respiratory membrane diameter (P <0. 05). Betamethasone 3d group than 1d group alveolar septum thin, respiratory membrane diameter and alveolar surface area (P <0.001). Transmission electron microscope treatment group alveolar type Ⅱ epithelial visible lamellar bodies, organelles more common to betamethasone 3d group changes the most obvious, while the control group no lamellar bodies, organelles rare. Conclusions Both ambroxol hydrochloride and betamethasone can significantly promote the development of fetal lung during prenatal injection. The effect of repeated administration of betamethasone is better than that of single injection. The efficacy of betamethasone is better than that of ambroxol hydrochloride.