本文追溯了马世骏先生倡导的生态农业理念的提出及其产生背景, 对中国生态农业40年的发展进行了回顾, 认为生态农业理念被广泛接受, 并进入生态文明新阶段; 生态农业技术经济体系建立、生态经济效益不断上升; 生态农业对实现碳中和的作用逐渐凸显。同时, 本文也指出了目前生态农业发展所面临的挑战: 生态农业的工程化、体系化程度仍不够高; 生态农业与碳市场衔接度不高; 市场上的生态农产品尚需消费者的更多认可; 生态农业建设缺乏充分的政策支持; 生态农产品的国际贸易程度依然偏低。展望未来的生态农业建设, 作者认为: 生态农业建设应更加工程化、智能化、低碳化; 生态农产品的市场化价值提高; 生态农业的政策更加精准化、协调化; 我国的生态农业模式在国际市场上受到高度认可, 产品可信度将不断提高。“,”This paper has reviewed the concept and background of Eco-agriculture proposed and promoted by Prof. Ma Shijun. Looking back the past 40 years’ development of China’s eco-agriculture, the authors think eco-agriculture has been widely accepted and has been integrated into the new era of ecological civilization; technical economic system has been established and ecological economic benefits have been increasing; the eco-agricultures’ critical role for carbon neutrality has been gradually evolved. And also the key challenges of eco-agriculture have been pointed out: engineering and systematical level are not high enough; the degree of connecting to the Carbon Market is not enough; eco-agriculture foods need to be recognized more by consumers in the market; policy supports to eco-agriculture development are not sufficient; international trade volume of eco-agriculture products are pretty small. Looking forward, the authors think eco-agriculture are to be more engineering, intelligent and lower carbon; market value of eco-agriculture products are to be enlarged; supporting policies for eco-agriculture are to be more acupunctured and coordinated; China’s eco-agriculture development model and credibility of eco-agriculture foods are to be more recognized internationally.