物质是由原子构成的,原子是保持物质化学性质的最小粒子.要了解分子以及各种材料的性质,知道原子的排列状况是极为重要的.直接用显微镜来观察、鉴定和测量原子在其特有环境下的物理、化学性质以及最后操纵原子,是许多物理学家梦寐以求的事.经过十几代科学家几百年的努力,这个愿望终于得以实现.最初,人们想利用光学显微镜,以为只要适当地选择透镜的焦距,就可以得到所需要的放大率,把任何微小的物体放大到清晰可见的程度.但由于光衍射现象的限制,分辨率最多只能达到与光波波长差不多的尺度,即2000(?)～3000(?),放大倍数只能达到2000左右,而原子的尺寸为2(?)左右,所以,用光学显微镜是不可 A substance is made up of atoms. The atom is the smallest particle that maintains the chemical properties of a substance. To understand the nature of molecules and various materials, it is extremely important to know the arrangement of atoms. Directly observe, identify, and measure atoms in their uniqueness with a microscope. The physics, chemistry, and finally manipulation of atoms in the environment are what many physicists dream about. After hundreds of years of hard work by dozens of generations of scientists, this desire has finally come true. Initially, people wanted to use optical microscopes to think that only properly Select the focal length of the lens, you can get the required magnification, zoom in to the extent that any tiny object can be clearly visible. However, due to the limitation of light diffraction phenomenon, the resolution can only reach the same scale as the wavelength of the light wave, ie 2000 ( )) ~ 3000 (?), the magnification can only reach about 2000, and the size of the atom is about 2(?), so it is not possible to use an optical microscope