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航天器外部组件(如太阳电池阵)进行热真空试验时,其表面温度需降至-170℃,一般的空间环境模拟器配备的液氮及热沉系统很难将试验件冷却至-170℃,为进一步降低试验温度,研制一种负压过冷系统。系统由过冷器、加热系统、压力控制系统和管路连接系统组成,利用液氮在真空环境中具有更低饱和温度的特性以获得比常规液氮系统更低的液氮温度。设计了负压过冷系统,搭建了工程样机,并且进行了调试试验。试验验证结果表明,过冷器出口温度低于-200℃,针对-170℃温区的试验,可缩短试验周期40%。
When the spacecraft external components (such as the solar array) undergo thermal vacuum test, the surface temperature should drop to -170 ℃. The liquid nitrogen and heat sink system provided by the general space environment simulator is difficult to cool the test piece to -170 ℃ In order to further reduce the test temperature, a vacuum undercooling system was developed. The system consists of a subcooler, a heating system, a pressure control system, and a pipe connection system that utilizes the characteristic of liquid nitrogen with a lower saturation temperature in a vacuum environment to achieve lower liquid nitrogen temperatures than conventional liquid nitrogen systems. The design of the vacuum undercooling system, set up a prototype of the project, and conducted a commissioning test. The test results show that the outlet temperature of subcooler is below -200 ℃, and the test period of 40% can be shortened for the test at -170 ℃.