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通过田间试验,对西南中山地区玄参不同生长期进行动态采样调查。根据玄参各器官生长变化及干物质积累特点,将玄参的个体发育分为4个时期,即苗期、茎叶生长期、块根膨大期和块根充实期。玄参一生共形成叶片约370片(主茎叶50片左右)。茎叶生长期的叶面积增长速度最快,平均日增量为225 cm2,8月中旬叶面积达到16 270 cm2/株。整个生育期内叶面积系数随着茎叶的生长直线上升,茎叶生长期和块根膨大期维持在8以上,块根充实期迅速降低至0。叶面积比率总体呈降低的趋势。净同化率的变化幅度较窄,一般为1~3 g·m-2·d-1,分别在苗期和块根充实期出现了2个小高峰。比叶面积值苗期较高,生长中期有所下降。相对生长率值变化幅度较大,苗期最高,茎叶生长期迅速降低,块根膨大期有所升高,块根充实期下降,甚至出现负值。作物生长率茎叶生长期至块根充实期前期相对较高,苗期和块根膨大期后期较低。干物质积累规律为苗期慢,茎叶生长期和块根膨大期快,块根充实期减慢,略微降低,整个过程呈S曲线。生长中心由茎叶逐渐转移至块根。准确掌握玄参生长发育时期、干物质积累特点及其生长参数的变化规律,可为生产中制定合理的栽培管理技术措施提供依据。
Field trials were conducted to investigate the dynamic sampling of Scrophularia ningpoensis in different growing periods in Zhongshan district of southwest China. According to the growth of all organs of Scrophulariaceae and the characteristics of dry matter accumulation, the individual development of Scrophularia japonicum was divided into four periods, that is, seedling stage, stem and leaf growth stage, tuberous bulking stage and tuberous filling stage. Scrophulariaceae a total of about 370 leaves the formation of life (main stem leaves about 50). Leaf area during stem and leaf growth was the fastest growing with an average daily increment of 225 cm2. The leaf area coefficient increased linearly with the growth of stems and leaves throughout the growth period. The growth of stems and leaves and tuberous enlargement stage were maintained above 8, and the root fastness decreased rapidly to 0 during the full growth period. Leaf area ratio generally showed a decreasing trend. The net assimilation rate varied a little, usually 1 ~ 3 g · m-2 · d-1, and there were two small peaks at the seedling stage and the rooting stage. Leaf area value higher seedling stage, the growth of the middle has declined. The relative growth rate changed a lot, the seedling stage was the highest, the stem and leaf growth stage decreased rapidly, the tuberous enlargement stage increased, the tuberosity decreased, and even the negative value appeared. The crop growth rate was relatively high at the early and late stages of stem-leaf growth to tuberosity, and was lower at the late stage of seedling and tuberous enlargement. The law of dry matter accumulation was slow in seedling stage, fast in stem and leaf growth phase and tuberous enlargement phase, slowed down in solidification phase of tuberosity, slightly decreased, and S curve appeared in the whole process. Growth centers gradually transferred from stems and leaves to tuberous roots. Accurately grasp the growth and development of figwort, the characteristics of dry matter accumulation and growth parameters of the law of variation, can provide a basis for the development of reasonable cultivation management techniques and measures in the production.