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摘要 [目的]为了探索适合菇娘育苗的基質配方,为菇娘培育壮苗提供理论依据。[方法]以1∶1体积的椰糠和河沙作为对照,研究不同育苗基质对菇娘生长、干物质积累、壮苗指数及育苗时间的影响。[结果]源农泥炭及1∶1体积的源农泥炭和椰糠混合的基质物理性能优良,容重小,总孔隙度及通气空隙度较大,透气保水性能较佳。1∶1体积的源农泥炭和椰糠混合处理的菇娘株高、真叶数、根长、真叶宽、真叶长等生长指标,叶干鲜重、根干鲜重等物质积累指标及壮苗指数均最高,显著大于对照处理,成苗时间最短。[结论]因此,1∶1体积的源农泥炭和椰糠混合是菇娘育苗的理想基质配方。
关键词 菇娘;育苗基质;生长;干物质积累
中图分类号 S504 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2017)28-0050-02
Abstract [Objective]The purpose of this study was to find the suitable seedling substrate for the Physalis pubescens L.to offer reference for culturing strong seedling.[Method]Used mixed substrate of coconut coir and river sand with a volume ratio of 11 as a comparison, studied effects of different substrate on growth, dry matter accumulation, seedling strength index and seedling time of Physalis pubescens L.. [Result] Yuannong seedling substrate and the mixed substrate of Yuannong and the coconut coir with a volume ratio of 1∶1 had a better physical properties. For their smaller bulk density, and higher total porosity which showed better permeability and waterretaining property than others. The growth index (plant height, number of leaves, root length, leaf length and width), dry matter accumulation(leaf fresh weight and dry weight, root fresh weight and dry weight) and seedling strength index of the mixed substrate of Yuannong and the coconut coir with a volume ratio of 1∶1 were best, and it was significantly greater than the comparison treatment. Its seedling time was shortest. [Conclusion]The mixed substrate of Yuannong and the coconut coir with a volume ratio of 1∶1 is the ideal substrate for seedling of Physalis pubescens L..
Key words Physalis pubescens L.;Seedling substrates;Growth;Dry matter accumulation
育苗基质是幼苗生长的场所,不仅仅有支撑固定的作用,同时提供一定的养分和水分,其理化性质直接影响幼苗的成活、生长和质量。目前用于育苗基质的材料种类较多,有草炭、泥炭、蛭石、珍珠岩等,海南则以椰糠为主。利用当地废弃物椰糠作为蔬菜育苗或无土栽培的基质,加入一定比例的园土或其他基质,育苗效果良好[1-5],生产成本低,具有良好的开发潜力。
不同植物的幼苗对环境条件的要求不同,菇娘种子小,拱土能力差,直播方式育苗的出苗率及成苗速度均不理想,因此菇娘在三亚的栽培主要以穴盘育苗移栽为主。以菇娘为材料,研究不同育苗基质条件下菇娘的生长及成苗情况,以期筛选适合菇娘的最佳育苗基质,为菇娘培育健康优质种苗、缩短育苗时间提供理论基础。
1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
供试菇娘品种为珍珠小黄菇娘(哈尔滨农信种子有限公司生产)。
1.2 试验方法
试验于2016年1月在三亚市南繁科学技术研究院设施大棚进行。设6个基质处理,T1:1∶1体积的椰糠和河沙;T2:椰糠;T3:源农泥炭(吉林源农有限公司生产);T4:河沙;T5:1∶1体积的源农泥炭和河沙;T6:1∶1体积的源农泥炭和椰糠,每个处理的基质混合均匀后加入等量有机肥,有机肥与基质的体积比为1∶8。以T1为对照(CK),每个处理重复3次,每次重复半个穴盘,播种25 d后,每处理取6株长势一致的幼苗测定株高、茎粗、叶数、叶宽、叶长,叶SPAD值、叶干鲜重、根干鲜重,同时计算根冠比及壮苗指数。出苗后每天观测各处理的真叶数,用于统计育苗时间(长至5片真叶所需时间)。
1.3 基质物理性能测定
各基质风干后参照郭世荣[6]的方法分别测定基质的pH、EC值、容重、总孔隙度、通气孔隙度及持水孔隙度。
关键词 菇娘;育苗基质;生长;干物质积累
中图分类号 S504 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2017)28-0050-02
Abstract [Objective]The purpose of this study was to find the suitable seedling substrate for the Physalis pubescens L.to offer reference for culturing strong seedling.[Method]Used mixed substrate of coconut coir and river sand with a volume ratio of 11 as a comparison, studied effects of different substrate on growth, dry matter accumulation, seedling strength index and seedling time of Physalis pubescens L.. [Result] Yuannong seedling substrate and the mixed substrate of Yuannong and the coconut coir with a volume ratio of 1∶1 had a better physical properties. For their smaller bulk density, and higher total porosity which showed better permeability and waterretaining property than others. The growth index (plant height, number of leaves, root length, leaf length and width), dry matter accumulation(leaf fresh weight and dry weight, root fresh weight and dry weight) and seedling strength index of the mixed substrate of Yuannong and the coconut coir with a volume ratio of 1∶1 were best, and it was significantly greater than the comparison treatment. Its seedling time was shortest. [Conclusion]The mixed substrate of Yuannong and the coconut coir with a volume ratio of 1∶1 is the ideal substrate for seedling of Physalis pubescens L..
Key words Physalis pubescens L.;Seedling substrates;Growth;Dry matter accumulation
育苗基质是幼苗生长的场所,不仅仅有支撑固定的作用,同时提供一定的养分和水分,其理化性质直接影响幼苗的成活、生长和质量。目前用于育苗基质的材料种类较多,有草炭、泥炭、蛭石、珍珠岩等,海南则以椰糠为主。利用当地废弃物椰糠作为蔬菜育苗或无土栽培的基质,加入一定比例的园土或其他基质,育苗效果良好[1-5],生产成本低,具有良好的开发潜力。
不同植物的幼苗对环境条件的要求不同,菇娘种子小,拱土能力差,直播方式育苗的出苗率及成苗速度均不理想,因此菇娘在三亚的栽培主要以穴盘育苗移栽为主。以菇娘为材料,研究不同育苗基质条件下菇娘的生长及成苗情况,以期筛选适合菇娘的最佳育苗基质,为菇娘培育健康优质种苗、缩短育苗时间提供理论基础。
1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
供试菇娘品种为珍珠小黄菇娘(哈尔滨农信种子有限公司生产)。
1.2 试验方法
试验于2016年1月在三亚市南繁科学技术研究院设施大棚进行。设6个基质处理,T1:1∶1体积的椰糠和河沙;T2:椰糠;T3:源农泥炭(吉林源农有限公司生产);T4:河沙;T5:1∶1体积的源农泥炭和河沙;T6:1∶1体积的源农泥炭和椰糠,每个处理的基质混合均匀后加入等量有机肥,有机肥与基质的体积比为1∶8。以T1为对照(CK),每个处理重复3次,每次重复半个穴盘,播种25 d后,每处理取6株长势一致的幼苗测定株高、茎粗、叶数、叶宽、叶长,叶SPAD值、叶干鲜重、根干鲜重,同时计算根冠比及壮苗指数。出苗后每天观测各处理的真叶数,用于统计育苗时间(长至5片真叶所需时间)。
1.3 基质物理性能测定
各基质风干后参照郭世荣[6]的方法分别测定基质的pH、EC值、容重、总孔隙度、通气孔隙度及持水孔隙度。