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宋朝(960年～1279年)是中国历史上承五代十国、下启元朝的时代,根据首都及疆域的变迁,可再分为北宋与南宋,合称两宋。宋太祖建国时为避免唐安史之乱以来藩镇割据和宦官乱政的悲剧,遂采取设置路转运使和杯酒释兵权的政策,上收财权和兵权,影响所及长远。不过相对而言,宋朝是中国古代历史上经济与文化教育最繁荣的时代,著名史学家陈寅恪言:“华夏民族之文化,历数千载之演进,造极于赵宋之世。”首当其冲的是中国传统文化的新发展一理学应运而生。可以说,
Song dynasty (960-1279) is an era in the history of China that was inherited from the Five Dynasties and the Ten Kingdoms to Kaiyuan and Yuan Dynasties. According to the changes of the capital and the territory, it can be subdivided into the Northern and Southern Song Dynasties and the two Songs together. In order to avoid the tragedy of the separatist government and the eunuch since the Tang Dynasty was founded, Song Taizu adopted the policy of setting roads and transferring the liberation power of the armed forces and the military, and received the power and the military power to influence the long term. However, relatively speaking, the Song Dynasty was the most prosperous era of economic and cultural education in ancient Chinese history. The famous historian Chen Yin said: "The culture of the Huaxia ethnic group has evolved over thousands of years, Bear the brunt of the new development of traditional Chinese culture. It can be said,