Objective: To compare the effect of prophylactic laparoscopic salpingectomy versus division of the fallopian tubes on ovarian response to gonadotropins in women undergoing IVF. Design: Retrospective study. Setting: National Health Service-based tertiary referral center for reproductive medicine. Patient(s): One hundred sixty-eight women with tubal factor infertility. Sixty-five women with hydrosalpinges had either salpingectomy (n = 40, group A) or proximal tubal division (n = 25, group B), while the remaining women with tubal disease but without hydrosalpinges acted as the control group (n = 103, group C). Intervention(s): Prophylactic laparoscopic salpingectomy or proximal division of the fallopian tubes and ovarian stimulation with gonadotropins for IVF. Main Outcome Measure(s): Day 2 serum FSH levels before surgery and 3 months after surgery but before ovarian stimulation, ovarian response assessed as total dose of hMG administered, serum E2 concentrations on day 3 and day 8 of stimulation and on the day of hCG injection, number of follicles, and number of oocytes retrieved and fertilized. Result(s): In group A, baseline FSH levels were significantly raised after surgery compared with before surgery. Postsurgery FSH concentrations were signifi cantly higher in group A compared with group B. The number of follicles (15- 20 mm) was significantly lower in group A compared with group B and group C. The serum E2 levels on day 8 of stimulation were lower in group A compared with group B, and on the day of hCG injection it was significantly reduced in group A compared with groups B and C. The number of oocytes retrieved per cycle was significantly lower in group A compared with group B. There were no significant differences in pregnancy rates and miscarriage rates among the three groups. Conclusion(s): These findings suggest that prophylactic salpingectomy in women with hydrosalpinx may compromise ovarian response to stimulation without affecting pregnancy rates. A randomized control trial is recommended to determine the most appropriate laparoscopic procedure in the management of hydrosalpinx before IVF. Objective: To compare the effect of prophylactic laparoscopic salpingectomy versus division of the fallopian tubes on ovarian response to gonadotropins in women undergoing IVF. Design: Retrospective study. Setting: National Health Service-based tertiary referral center for reproductive medicine. Patient (s): One hundred sixty-eight women with tubal factor infertility. Sixty-five women with hydrosalpinges had either salpingectomy (n = 40, group A) or proximal tubal division (n = 25, group B) Intervention (s): Prophylactic laparoscopic salpingectomy or proximal division of the fallopian tubes and ovarian stimulation with gonadotropins for IVF. Main Outcome Measure (s): Day 2 serum FSH levels (n = 103, before surgery and 3 months after surgery but before ovarian stimulation, ovarian response assessed as total dose of hMG administered, serum E2 concentrations on day 3 and day 8 of sti Mice and number of follicles, and number of oocytes retrieved and fertilized. Result (s): In group A, baseline FSH levels were significantly raised after surgery compared with before surgery. Postsurgery FSH concentrations were signifi cantly higher in group A compared with group B. The number of follicles (15-20 mm) was significantly lower in group A compared with group B and group C. The serum E2 levels on day 8 of stimulation were lower in group A compared with group B , and on the day of hCG injection it was significantly reduced in group A compared with groups B and C. The number of oocytes retrieved per cycle was significantly lower in group A compared with group B. There were no significant differences in pregnancy rates and miscarriage Rates among the three groups. Conclusion (s): These findings suggest that prophylactic salpingectomy in women with hydrosalpinx may compromise ovarian response to stimulation without affecting pregnancy rates. A randomized control trial is recommended to determine the most appropriate laparoscopic procedure in the management of hydrosalpinx before IVF.