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福利国家或社会保护体制的变迁是当代最为重大的社会政治现象之一。在市场化、全球化、城市化和老龄化的进程中,各种社会风险交织,社会脆弱性的症候不断呈现,也因此影响到政治稳定和合法性的建设。作为对这些结构性挑战的回应,中国社会福利制度正在经历前所未有的重构过程。如何定位和解析中国社会保护体制的性质和动力是一个悬而未决的问题。本文从西方、尤其是欧洲的福利实践及其理论争辩中去理解社会保护体制的差异性、可持续性及其社会政治后果的复杂性,从而为厘清政府角色、重建中国国家与公民的关系提供有益的理论资源和研究议程。本文强调,中国政治过程中的中央地方关系、政治竞争以及意识形态等体制特有的因素将会持续塑造中国社会保护体制的形式。
Welfare countries or changes in the social protection system are one of the most significant socio-political phenomena of our time. In the process of marketization, globalization, urbanization and aging, symptoms of various social risks and social vulnerabilities continue to emerge, thus affecting the construction of political stability and legitimacy. In response to these structural challenges, China’s social welfare system is undergoing an unprecedented process of reconstruction. How to locate and analyze the nature and motivation of China’s social protection system is an open question. This article tries to understand the differences and sustainability of social protection system and the complexity of its social and political consequences from the welfare practice and theoretical controversy in the West, especially in Europe, so as to clarify the roles of the government and rebuild the relations between the Chinese state and the citizens Useful theoretical resources and research agenda. This article emphasizes that the system-specific factors such as central and local relations, political competition and ideology in China’s political process will continue to shape the form of China’s social protection system.