本文着重分析造成铁路运输长期不适应国民经济发展要求的原因，进而从铁路运输应有的地位、运价改革、以及进一步完善铁路经济承包责任制等方面，提出解决的措施。 This article focuses on the analysis of the reasons that cause railway transport to not meet the requirements of the national economy for a long time, and puts forward the measures to be taken in terms of the proper status of railway transportation, tariff reform and further improvement of the railway contract responsibility system.