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研究了不同Na+和K+含量以及Na+/K+值(R值)的人工海水对鳗鲡受精卵孵化率、仔鱼畸形率及存活时间的影响。实验共分3组:(1)保持Na+含量正常,改变K+含量;(2)保持K+含量正常,改变Na+含量;(3)稳定Na+/K+=28,调整Na+、K+含量。结果发现:当保持Na+浓度稳定,K+浓度为538 mg/L时,鳗鲡受精卵的孵化率最高(44.0%),畸形率最低(23.8%),仔鱼的存活时间最长;当Na+/K+=28、Na+和K+的绝对含量分别为8 400、300 mg/L时,孵化率最高。较高的Na+(19 500 mg/L)、K+浓度(1 076 mg/L)将会导致鳗鲡受精卵孵化率降低,但对仔鱼畸形率的影响并不显著。结果表明,鳗鲡受精卵孵化以及仔鱼培育所用人工海水需按Na+和K+含量及R值做相应调配,最适Na+、K+浓度分别为7 800~11 700 mg/L和360~540 mg/L,R值在20~30之间。
The effects of artificial seawater with different Na + and K + contents and Na + / K + values (R value) on the hatching rate of eel eggs, malformation rate and survival time of larvae were studied. The experiment was divided into three groups: (1) keeping the content of Na + normal and changing the content of K +; (2) keeping the content of K + normal and changing the content of Na +; (3) stabilizing Na + / K + = 28 and adjusting the contents of Na + and K +. The results showed that when the Na + concentration was stable and the concentration of K + was 538 mg / L, the hatching rate of the eel eggs was the highest (44.0%), the lowest was the deformity rate (23.8%), while the survival time of the larvae was the longest. When Na + / K + 28, the highest hatching rate was obtained when the absolute contents of Na + and K + were 8 400 and 300 mg / L, respectively. Higher Na + (19 500 mg / L) and K + concentration (1076 mg / L) could reduce the hatching rate of fertilized eggs in eel, but had no significant effect on larval malformation rate. The results showed that artificial seawater used for hatching of larvae of eel eggs and larval culture should be adjusted according to Na + and K + contents and R value. The optimum Na + and K + concentrations were 7 800 ~ 11 700 mg / L and 360 ~ 540 mg / L, respectively. R value between 20 ~ 30.