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目的了解中国城市学生看护人盐与健康相关知识、信念、行为现状及限盐行为影响因素,为制定减盐行动策略提供依据。方法采取分层随机抽样方法,对广州、成都、武汉、沈阳4个城市12 787名中小学生看护人进行问卷调查,收集其盐相关知识和限盐行为等信息。采用Logistic回归模型分析不同营养知识水平、性别、家庭收入等对学生看护人限盐行为的影响。结果学生看护人知道盐推荐摄入量、钠影响健康、高盐饮食引起高血压、低钠盐、限盐勺、营养标签、营养标签中必须标示钠、所有高盐调味品、所有高盐食物的比例分别是46.4%, 45.5%, 76.0%, 71.8%, 66.7%, 79.8%,38.0%,3.7%,0.9%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,相对于对照组,文化程度高、知道盐推荐摄入量对学生看护人使用低钠盐、限盐勺、选择低盐食物等限盐行为影响的OR(95%CI)值分别是1.811(1.631~2.010),1.143(1.03~1.269);1.297(1.133~1.486),1.561(1.363~1.789);1.280(1.172~1.398),1.175(1.076~1.283)。结论四城市学生看护人盐相关知识知晓率较低,限盐行为不乐观。应加强学生看护人盐相关知识的营养教育,确立信念,进而转变为健康的行为,并促进学生乃至整个家庭合理膳食,预防慢性病的发生。
Objective To understand the salt, health-related knowledge, beliefs and behaviors of caregivers in cities of China and the influencing factors of salt-limiting behaviors in order to provide the basis for the formulation of salt-reducing action strategies. Methods By stratified random sampling method, 12 787 primary and secondary school caregivers in 4 cities of Guangzhou, Chengdu, Wuhan and Shenyang were surveyed to collect information about salt-related knowledge and salt-limiting behavior. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the effect of different nutrition knowledge levels, gender and family income on the salt-tolerance behavior of student caregivers. Results The student caregiver knew that salt intake was recommended, sodium affected health, high-salt diet caused hypertension, low sodium salt, salt restriction spoon, nutrition label, nutrition label must indicate sodium, all high salt condiment, all high salt food Were 46.4%, 45.5%, 76.0%, 71.8%, 66.7%, 79.8%, 38.0%, 3.7%, 0.9% respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that ORs with 95% CI (95% CI ) Were 1.811 (1.631-2.010), 1.143 (1.03-1.269), 1.297 (1.133-1.486), 1.561 (1.363-1.789), 1.280 (1.172-1.398) and 1.175 (1.076-1.283), respectively. Conclusion The knowledge rate of salt-related knowledge of caregivers in four cities is low, and the salt-tolerance behavior is not optimistic. Nutrition education should be strengthened for students ’caregivers’ salt-related knowledge to establish their beliefs and then to change their behavior into healthy behaviors and to promote reasonable diet for students and the entire family to prevent the occurrence of chronic diseases.