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利用1982年布置的双季稻红壤稻田长期施肥定位试验,于2011年研究了在无机肥(化肥NPK)与有机肥(M)氮磷钾养分等量条件下,长期施用有机肥、无机化肥和有机无机肥配施模式下早稻生长发育、早稻产量及稻田杂草群落变化。结果表明:施肥能促进早稻生长发育,显著提高早稻产量,增加施肥用量和均衡肥料及养分种类在一定程度上能促进早稻生长发育和稻谷增产;在施用有机肥的基础上,优先考虑施用氮肥,其次是磷肥,才能使红壤稻田早稻增产。施肥处理中,单施有机肥最能提高早稻杂草密度和促进早稻杂草生长,配施处理中,有机无机均衡配施最能促进早稻杂草生长,还能遏制恶性杂草繁殖;与单施有机肥或化肥相比较,有机无机肥配施能普遍降低早稻杂草群落多样性、优势度和均匀度,在施用有机肥的基础上,化肥尤其是化肥氮的施用对早稻杂草群落的多样性、优势杂草和均匀度起着决定性作用;早稻分蘖盛期杂草生物量一定程度上还能表征早稻稻谷产量。
Using the long-term fertilization experiment of paddy field in double cropping paddy soil arranged in 1982, the effects of long-term application of organic manure, inorganic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers under the equivalent conditions of NPK and organic manure (M) Growth and development of early rice, yield of early rice and changes of weed community in paddy soil under organic and inorganic fertilizer combination. The results showed that fertilization could promote the growth and development of early rice, significantly increase the yield of early rice, increase the amount of fertilizer and balance the types of fertilizers and nutrients to a certain extent, promote the growth and development of early rice and increase the yield of rice. On the basis of applying organic manure, Followed by phosphate fertilizer, red rice paddy yield. In the fertilization treatment, organic manure alone can improve the weed density and promote the weed growth of early rice. With the combination of organic and inorganic fertilizer, it can promote the growth of weed in early rice and restrain the weeds. Compared with organic manure or chemical fertilizer, organic and inorganic manure application can generally reduce the weed community diversity, dominance and evenness of early rice. Based on the application of organic manure, the application of chemical fertilizer, especially nitrogen fertilizer, Diversity, dominant weeds and evenness play a decisive role. Early weedy tillering weeds biomass to a certain extent can also characterize the early rice yield.