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目的 分析天津市传染性非典型肺炎 [严重急性呼吸综合征 (SARS) ]流行病学特征 ,对主要控制措施的效果进行初步评价。方法 采用自行设计的病例报告表 ,全市统一的流行病学个案调查表及病例接触者、密切接触者树状分布图 ,深入病房、家庭、社区、团体等对病例及接触者进行调查。结果 以发病时间计算 ,自 2 0 0 3年 4月 1 3日至 5月 8日 ,包括输入病例在内发病 1 75例 ,发病率为 1 .9 1 0万 ,其中死亡 1 4例 ,病死率达 8.0 %。整个流行过程不足 1个月 ,流行特点 :1例“超级传播者”直接或间接传染了全市 94.3 %的病例 ;呈现以A、B、C 3家医院聚集发病为特点的爆发性流行 ,占全市病例的 68.6 % ,3家医院外的家庭聚集发病占全市病例的 1 4 .3 % ,同事间传播为 2 .3 % ,散发者为 9.1 % ,这些散发者未造成接触者感染 ;早期医务人员发病较多 ,占总病例数的 38.2 % ,流行全过程参加SARS救治工作的 1 975名医护人员的总感染率为 3 .4 % ;全部流行过程传染源明确 ,传染链清晰 ,全市仅 3例患者未找到传染源 ,占病例总数的 2 % ;在 1 0例源头病例中仅“超级传播者”和另一病例传染了其接触者 ,其他传染源由于及时隔离未造成任何传播。结论 SARS是严重急性呼吸系统传染病 ,如能及时准确地掌握传染链并进行范围适?
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) in Tianjin and to evaluate the effects of the main control measures. Methods A self-designed case report form, a unified epidemiological questionnaire and case-based contacts of the whole city and a close contact tree-like distribution map were used to investigate the cases and contacts in wards, families, communities and groups. The results were based on the onset time. From January 3 to April 8, 2003, 1 75 cases including imported cases were reported, with an incidence of 19.1 million, of which 14 died and died of disease Rate of 8.0%. The epidemic characteristics: a case of “super communicator” directly or indirectly infected 94.3% of the city’s case; presented to A, B, C hospital outbreak of the outbreak characterized by the outbreak of the epidemic, accounting for the city 68.6% of the cases, family aggregation outside the three hospitals accounted for 14.3% of the city’s cases, communication between colleagues 2.3%, distributed by 9.1%, these distributed did not cause contact infection; early medical staff The incidence of more, accounting for 38.2% of the total number of cases, epidemic the whole process of SARS treatment to participate in the work of 1 975 medical staff of the total infection rate was 3.4%; all popular sources of infection clear, clear infection chain, the city only 3 cases No source of infection was found in the patients, accounting for 2% of the total number of cases; only “super-communicators” and one other case were infected with their contacts in 10 cases of origin, and other sources of infection did not cause any transmission due to prompt isolation. Conclusions SARS is a severe acute respiratory infection. If the infection chain can be grasped promptly and accurately and the scope is appropriate?