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目的分析2013-2015年度内蒙古地区流行性感冒(流感)流行病学特征,为今后流感防控工作提供科学依据。方法收集2013-2015年内蒙古地区流感监测哨点医院流感样病例(influenza-like illness,ILI)的鼻咽拭子标本,采用PCR方法进行病毒核酸检测,流感病毒核酸阳性标本接种马丁达比犬肾细胞(Madin-daiby canine kidney cells,MDCK)进行病毒分离,对分离后的毒株采用红细胞凝集试验(hemagglutination test,HA)及红细胞凝集抑制试验(hemagglutination inhibitoin test,HI)进行型别鉴定。结果2013-2015年,内蒙古地区流感病例占同期门急诊病例就诊总数的比例(ILI%)为1.76%~2.93%,平均为2.33%。对ILI病例采集鼻咽拭子标本23 721份,阳性标本数2 277份,阳性率9.60%。ILI病例数和ILI%均呈明显的季节性特征,有明显的冬春季高峰。0~岁组和5~岁组ILI构成比高于其他各年龄组。2013-2015年度各型别流感病毒均有检出,季节性H1只在2013年以较低构成比出现,之后再无检出;新甲型H1构成比逐年下降,季节性H3构成比逐年上升,取代新甲型H1成为新的优势株;乙型流感病毒呈逐年缓慢上升趋势,与季节性H3形成混合流行态势。结论 2013-2015年内蒙古地区ILI发病高峰为每年的冬春季,ILI监测结果和病原学监测结果特征基本一致,加强监测对于辖区内流感防控具有重要意义。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of influenza in Inner Mongolia in 2013-2015 so as to provide a scientific basis for future prevention and control of influenza. Methods Nasopharyngeal swab samples of influenza-like illness (ILI) from 2013 to 2015 in Inner Mongolia were collected. The viral nucleic acid was detected by PCR, and the positive samples of influenza virus nucleic acid were inoculated with canine leprosy (Madin-daiby canine kidney cells, MDCK). The isolated strains were identified by hemagglutination test (HA) and hemagglutination inhibitoin test (HI). Results From 2013 to 2015, the proportion of flu cases in Inner Mongolia among the total number of outpatient and emergency department visits (ILI%) was 1.76% -2.93% with an average of 2.33%. Twenty-three 721 nasopharyngeal swab specimens were collected from ILI patients, with 2 277 positive specimens, the positive rate was 9.60%. The number of ILI cases and ILI% showed obvious seasonal features, with obvious peak in winter and spring. The proportions of ILI in 0 ~ group and 5 ~ year group were higher than those in other age groups. In 2013-2015, all types of influenza viruses were detected. Seasonal H1 only appeared in lower constituent ratio in 2013 and was not detected afterwards. The proportion of new H1N1 declines and the seasonal H3 ratio increases year by year , To replace the new H1N1 strains become the new dominant strains; Influenza B virus showed a slowly rising trend year by year, and seasonal H3 form a mixed epidemic situation. Conclusion The peak incidence of ILI in Inner Mongolia during 2013-2015 is annual winter and spring. The results of ILI monitoring and etiological monitoring are basically the same, and monitoring is of great importance to the prevention and control of influenza in the area.