多囊肾是一种先天遗传性疾病,分为常染色体显性遗传型和常染色体隐性遗传型。其特点是双侧肾有多个肾囊肿致使肾体积增大而功能性肾组织减少,常伴肝、脾、胰腺囊肿、心脏瓣膜异常及结肠憩室等疾病,但多囊肾的发生及囊肿进行性增大的机制尚不清楚。目前微小RNA(miRNAs)是唯一被间断性提及且缺乏直接数据资料的研究对象,这种miRNAs基因突变经常发生在人类常染色体主导的多囊性肾病中。作者就肾囊肿形成、miRNAs、多囊蛋白-1之间的联系作一简要综述。 Polycystic kidney disease is a congenital genetic disease, divided into autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive genetic type. It is characterized by multiple renal cysts in bilateral kidneys that result in an increase in renal volume and a decrease in functional renal tissue, often with diseases such as liver, spleen, pancreatic cysts, abnormal heart valves and colonic diverticula, but polycystic kidney disease and cyst development The mechanism of sexual increase is not clear. At present, microRNAs (miRNAs) are the only ones studied intermittently and lack of direct data. Mutations of miRNAs often occur in human autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. The authors provide a brief review of the links between renal cysts, miRNAs, and polycystin-1.