美国《科学》杂志把发现干细胞(一种可变成体内任何一种细胞的有争议的主细胞)列为1999年科学成就的第一位。这些干细胞为组织移植、药物和化学物动物试验的替代方案以及基础科学研究带来了巨大的发展前景,但由于它们的一个来源是人的胚胎,因此也引发了严重的伦理问题。 与基因组有关的研究被评为1999年重大发现的“亚军”。该杂志在一篇报告中指出:“在1999年,基因组研究的闸门已经打开,发表了包括若干种微生物的完整基因组、两幅疟疾基因组图谱以及第一个人体染色体排序在内的大量数据。果蝇和人体基因 Science magazine has identified the discovery of stem cells, a controversial host cell that can morph into any kind of cell in the body, as the No. 1 scientific achievement in 1999. These stem cells offer tremendous promise for tissue transplantation, alternatives to drug and chemical animal testing, and basic scientific research, but they also raise serious ethical concerns because one of their sources is the human embryo. Genome-related research was named “runner-up” for a major discovery in 1999. The magazine said in a report: “In 1999, the gatekeepers on genomics research were already open, publishing a large amount of data including the complete genome of several microbes, two malaria genome maps, and the first human chromosome sequence.” Flies and human genes