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作为世界贸易第三大国,中国走了与韩国相似的道路,只不过是慢了一拍,先是出口纺织服装等劳动密集型产品,后出口机电产品,出口比重越来越高。电力、钢铁、机械设备、汽车、造船等工业成为国民经济增长的主要动力,而这些产业仍然是韩国目前的主导产业。因此,中韩贸易的互补实际上是产业内的互补,而同时由于中国近年的快速发展,中韩在一些劳动密集型产品上出现产业结构趋同、生产力过剩和相互竞争的格局。本文从实证的角度分析中韩产业内贸易从互补到竞争的趋势,及对两国所带来的福利变化。
As the third largest country in the world trade, China has taken a similar course with that of South Korea. It is only a slow one. It exports labor-intensive products such as textile and clothing at first, and then exports mechanical and electrical products at a higher export share. Industries such as electricity, steel, machinery and equipment, automobiles and shipbuilding have become the main drivers of the growth of the national economy, and these industries are still the leading industries in Korea. Therefore, the complementarity of China and South Korea’s trade is actually complementarity within the industry. At the same time, due to the rapid development of China in recent years, China and South Korea have seen the convergence of industrial structure, overcapacity and mutual competition in some labor-intensive products. This paper analyzes the trend of complementary trade and intra-industry trade in China and South Korea from an empirical point of view and the change of welfare brought by both countries.