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宫颈癌病例中,人乳头瘤病毒16(HPV-16),-18型的检出率可高达50%～70%。HPV-16,-18型诱发宫颈癌的主要机制是其E6和E7基因在宫颈细胞中表达增加,其基因产物E6和E7两个癌蛋白分别与抑癌蛋白P53和pRb结合,进而诱导P53和PRb蛋白降解。HPV疫苗包括预防性和治疗性疫苗。国际上预防性疫苗只有GSK的Cervarix疫苗和Merke公司的Gardsil疫苗,主要预防HPV-16,-18型感染以及HPV-16,-18型相关性宫颈肿瘤和生殖器疣的发生。预防性疫苗是通过细胞免疫和体液免疫以去除或减少已经被感染的细胞或肿瘤细胞,其靶蛋白主要为E6或E7。到目前为止治疗性疫苗的类型虽然很多,主要包括肽类疫苗、病毒载体疫苗及DNA疫苗等。因为治疗性疫苗的机制比较复杂,目前还在实验阶段。
Cervical cancer cases, the detection rate of HPV-16, -18 can be as high as 50% to 70%. The main mechanism of HPV-16 and -18-induced cervical cancer is the expression of E6 and E7 genes in cervical cells. The two oncoproteins, E6 and E7, are associated with tumor suppressor protein P53 and pRb, respectively, leading to the induction of P53 and PRb protein degradation. HPV vaccines include both prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines. Internationally Preventive Vaccines Cervarix vaccine of GSK and Gardsil vaccine of Merke Company mainly prevent HPV-16 and -18 infection as well as HPV-16 and -18 type related cervical tumors and genital warts. Prophylactic vaccines are cell or tumor cells that have been infected by cellular and humoral immunity to remove or reduce the target protein, predominantly E6 or E7. Although the types of therapeutic vaccines so far are many, mainly including peptide vaccines, viral vector vaccines and DNA vaccines. Because the mechanism of therapeutic vaccines is more complex, it is still in experimental stage.