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目的探讨影响儿童青少年呼吸道疾病的室内环境因素,为呼吸道疾病的预防和控制提供依据。方法采用横断面研究方法,调查上海市城区16所中小学和幼儿园的4~17岁6551名儿童青少年的呼吸道疾病、家庭社会经济状况、儿童个体特征、父母哮喘与过敏疾病史以及家庭、教室的室内环境因素等。应用多因素logistic回归分析方法,分析环境危险因素对呼吸道疾病影响。结果调整了潜在混杂因素后,哮喘患病的危险因素有父或母吸烟、室内霉斑、室内渗漏潮湿、居室附近50 m内有车辆繁忙的街道或公路;支气管炎患病的环境危险因素有父、母亲室内吸烟、室内经常使用空气清洁化学品和居室附近50 m之内有车辆繁忙的街道或公路。结论本研究表明,父母吸烟是增大4~17岁儿童与青少年呼吸道疾病风险的重要危险因素,室内潮湿、室内霉斑可能增加呼吸道疾病的风险;居室环境因素和地理位置的改变可以预防儿童与青少年呼吸道疾病。
Objective To explore the indoor environmental factors that affect the respiratory diseases in children and adolescents and provide the basis for the prevention and control of respiratory diseases. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of respiratory diseases, family socioeconomic status, individual characteristics of children, history of asthma and allergy in parents and children aged 4 to 17 in 16 primary and secondary schools and kindergartens in Shanghai city, Indoor environmental factors and so on. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influence of environmental risk factors on respiratory diseases. Results After adjusting for potential confounders, the risk factors for asthma were smoking by parents or mothers, indoor mildew, indoor leakage of moisture, and busy vehicular streets or highways within 50 m of the home; environmental risk factors for bronchitis There are parents, mothers indoors smoking, indoor air cleaning chemicals and living rooms within 50 m of the nearest busy street or road. Conclusions This study shows that parental smoking is an important risk factor for increasing the risk of respiratory diseases in children and adolescents aged 4 to 17 years. Indoor wetness and indoor mildew may increase the risk of respiratory diseases. Changes in indoor environmental factors and geographical locations may prevent children from Adolescent respiratory disease.