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基于太湖地区8 a的长期试验,应用常规化学分析法和数学统计方法,研究了不同施肥方式即单施化肥(NPK)、化肥配施稻麦全量秸秆还田(NPK+S)、无机肥配施鲜猪粪7.5 t.(hm2.a)-1(NPK+M7.5)及无机肥配施鲜猪粪15.0 t.(hm2.a)-1(NPK+M15)对稻麦轮作农田的作物产量、土壤各形态磷的累积及其潜在环境效应的影响.结果表明,在单施无机磷肥基础上,无论是秸秆全量还田还是配施不同量的猪粪,稻麦均没有显著增产;长期以常规无机磷肥用量配施猪粪,其土壤Olsen-P、Mehlich3-P、草酸盐磷(Pox)、CaCl2-P、水浸提磷(WEP)、总磷(TP)及土壤磷饱和度(degree of P saturation,DPS)等均显著增加,且配施猪粪量越大,各形态磷的累积量越大,土壤积累磷的环境风险越高;长期在常规无机磷肥用量基础上进行全量秸秆还田,与秸秆不还田处理相比,土壤各形态磷并无显著累积.综合考虑稻麦的产量效应、土壤磷库表观收支平衡、磷素长期累积的环境风险及经济效益等,在本研究区域目前的土壤环境条件下,常规磷肥施用量(45 kg·hm-2)基础上进行全量秸秆还田这一施肥方式是值得推荐的.
Based on the long-term experiment of 8 years in Taihu Lake, NPK and NPK + S were applied to study the effects of different fertilization methods, including chemical fertilizers (NPK) and inorganic fertilizers Application of fresh pig manure 7.5 t. (Hm2.a) -1 (NPK + M7.5) and inorganic manure application of fresh pig manure 15.0 t. (Hm2.a) -1 (NPK + M15) Crop yield, accumulation of phosphorus in soil and its potential environmental effect.The results showed that no significant increase of yield was found in rice straw or wheat straw both in terms of straw returning amount and different amount of pig manure, Long-term application of conventional inorganic phosphate fertilizer combined with pig manure, the soil Olsen-P, Mehlich3-P, oxalate phosphorus (Pox), CaCl2-P, water leaching phosphorus (WEP), total phosphorus (TP) and soil phosphorus saturation The degree of P saturation (DPS) and so on increased significantly. The larger the amount of manure excreted, the more the accumulation of phosphorus in each form, the higher the environmental risk of soil accumulation of phosphorus. The long-term application of conventional inorganic phosphate fertilizer The total amount of straw returned to the field, compared with the straw without returning the soil, the forms of phosphorus did not accumulate significantly.Considering the yield effects of rice and wheat, the soil phosphorus pool table The balance of payments, the environmental risks and economic benefits caused by the long-term accumulation of phosphorus, and the total amount of straw returned to the field on the basis of the conventional application of phosphorus (45 kg · hm-2) under the current soil environmental conditions in this study area Is recommended.