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依据岩爆发生时的力学状态,岩爆可以分为应变岩爆和冲击岩爆两大类型。冲击岩爆是深部岩体受静荷载和冲击动荷载共同作用所致,其试验系统的研发是岩石力学界的难题之一。设计并研发冲击岩爆试验系统,并进行冲击岩爆试验。该试验系统设计16种简谐波,通过其组合叠加,可以实现对开挖爆破、顶板垮落、断层滑动等冲击扰动波的模拟。试验采用加载至三向不同应力状态下的带圆形贯穿孔洞的立方体砂岩试样,在σ1方向施加扰动波,σ2,σ3保持在恒定应力水平的加载方式,通过伺服控制系统,实时采集砂岩试样冲击岩爆过程中的力和位移数据,获得全过程三向应力–应变曲线。通过图像采集系统,实时拍摄砂岩冲击岩爆全过程,获得该类型岩爆过程剥离、弹射等特征现象。并进行类似的静力加载破坏试验,观察其破坏现象与冲击岩爆过程的差异。通过对巷道单元岩体动应力和能量的分析,建立冲击岩爆的动应力和能量判别方法。
According to the mechanical state of rock burst, rock burst can be divided into two types of strain rock burst and impact rock burst. Impact rockburst is caused by the combined action of static load and impact dynamic load of deep rock mass. The development of experimental system is one of the problems of rock mechanics community. Design and develop impact rockburst test system, and impact rockburst test. The test system design 16 kinds of harmonic, through the combination of superposition, can achieve the excavation blasting, roof caving, fault slips and other shock wave simulation. The test uses cubic sandstone samples with circular through holes under three different stress states, applying disturbance wave in the direction of σ1, loading modes of σ2 and σ3 at constant stress level, and collecting the sandstone samples in real time through the servo control system Like the impact of rockburst in the process of force and displacement data, the whole process of three-way stress-strain curve. Through the image acquisition system, the whole process of sandstone impact rock burst was shot in real time, and the characteristic phenomena such as peeling and catapult of this type of rock burst were obtained. Similar static loading failure tests were carried out to observe the difference between the failure phenomenon and the impact rock burst process. Through the analysis of dynamic stress and energy of rock mass in roadway, the dynamic stress and energy discrimination method of rockburst is established.