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论述了有效的分权管理的中心条件——代表制。代表性是分权管理公式的关键,将代表性分为反应性和问责性是非常有用的。分权管理的结果似乎是代表性的功能和管理动机。为了评价选择的地方机构是否能够形成有效的分权管理,关键的问题是选择的机构是否对他们管理范围内的人民负责。许多国家缺乏可持续的具有代表性的地方政府。不管有或没有代表性的地方政府,也不管是哪个权威掌握对环境的权力,问责性措施都可以培育政府一定程度的向下的责任。选举并不是达到这样的问责制的唯一形式。分权管理改革的安全性和可持续性,大部分取决于中央政府向其它实体转移权力时采用的方式。制度转移是最安全的也是最具可持续性的。分权管理的有效和公正的潜力取决于地方机构的代表性。但是在几种情况下,选择民主负责的地方机构然后赋予其民主权力。
Discusses the central condition of effective decentralization management - the representative system. Representation is the key to the formula for decentralized management. It is useful to divide representation into reactiveness and accountability. The results of decentralized management appear to be representative of functional and managerial motivations. In order to assess whether selected local institutions are able to form effective decentralized management, the key question is whether the institutions chosen are responsible to the people within their jurisdiction. Many countries lack sustainable and representative local government. Regardless of the representative or local government, and no matter which authority controls the power of the environment, accountability measures can cultivate the government a certain degree of downward responsibility. Election is not the only form of accountability that can be achieved. Much of the security and sustainability of the decentralized management reform depends on the approach adopted by the central government in the transfer of power to other entities. Institutional transfers are the safest and most sustainable. The potential for effective and fair decentralization depends on the representation of local institutions. However, in several cases, local institutions that choose to be democratic and accountable then give their democratic authority.