儿童的心理发展以遗传因素为物质前提,生活环境和教育条件起着决定的作用。在我国独生子女家庭日益增多,家庭结构的变化给当今社会带来了新的问题。为了探讨环境和教育因素对儿童心理发展的作用,我们在沈阳市内选择了集体园所与散居两组不同环境的儿童进行社会适应能力调查,并作了比较分析。1.对象及方法按整群抽样方法在市区内选择10所一类大型园所儿童220名做为集体组,按2:1配比,选择未曾入过园所的儿童110名做为散居组。年龄均为满2岁到3岁5个月。淘汰不合格答卷37份,上机统计数共293例。全部为独生子女,其中集体组200例,散居组93例。使用婴儿—初中学生社会生活能力量表中国版及儿童情况调查表。婴儿—初中学生社会生活能力量表共含交往能力(C)、作业操作(O)、运动(L)、自 Psychological development of children to genetic factors for the material premises, living environment and educational conditions play a decisive role. The growing number of single-child families in our country and the changes in family structure have brought new problems to our society today. In order to explore the effect of environment and educational factors on children’s psychological development, we conducted a survey on children’s social adaptability in collective parks and diasporas in Shenyang city and made a comparative analysis. 1. Subjects and Methods According to cluster sampling method, 220 children from 10 large-scale orchards in the urban area were selected as the group. According to the 2: 1 ratio, 110 children who had never been to the park were selected as the diaspora group. The ages are from 2 years old to 3 years and 5 months. Out of 37 failed responses, a total of 293 cases on the machine statistics. All of the only child, including the collective group of 200 cases, scattered group of 93 cases. Use of infant - junior high school students’ social life ability scale Chinese version and the situation of children questionnaire. Infant - Junior high school students’ social life ability scale includes intercourse ability (C), homework operation (O), exercise (L), self