对于中法合作计划,在法国研究了关于大豆水分的二个问题。 一、田间定点测定结果表明,耗水量随植株及叶面积的增加而增加,因单位面积叶片数的增加而降低。在冠层形成期(七月中旬),四种类型品种的蒸腾量相同,以后,则因叶面积指数及品种类型本身所固有的特性而不同。 二、通过盆栽试验,观测了30个品种的耗水量、叶面积和气孔特性。 1.气孔阻抗的变异较大,约为3—8秒/厘米(s(?)c/cm),因品种而异;气孔的调解阻抗对于叶片温度具有明显的作用。 2.“省水”品种的蒸腾量低,CO_2同化作用较低,“省水”品种主要是由于有较高的气孔阻抗。增加气孔阻抗可缓和蒸腾作用,但也缓解了光合作用,因此,通常不能通过增加气孔阻抗的途径提高水分利用率。在无气孔阻抗影响的情况下,干物质产量和耗水量呈线性关系;籽粒产量和耗水量、叶片增长量之间无线性关系。 三、在没灌水的田间条件下,种植了从中国收集的品种。许多中国品种在法国表现优良,特别是铁丰18尤为突出,但遗憾的是这一品种显得晚熟。 For the Sino-French cooperation plan, two questions about the moisture of soybean were researched in France. First, the field fixed-point determination results show that the water consumption increases with plant and leaf area increased due to the increase of the number of leaves per unit area decreased. In the canopy formation period (mid-July), the four types of cultivars had the same amount of transpiration, but later varied due to the leaf area index and the inherent characteristics of the type of variety. Second, through pot experiments, the water consumption, leaf area and stomata characteristics of 30 cultivars were observed. 1. Stomatal impedance variation is large, about 3-8 seconds / cm (s (?) C / cm), depending on the species; stomatal mediation impedances have a significant effect on leaf temperature. The “water-saving” varieties had lower transpiration rate and lower CO 2 assimilation. The “water-saving” varieties were mainly due to the higher stomatal impedance. Increasing stomatal impedance relaxes transpiration, but also alleviates photosynthesis, therefore, it is not usually possible to increase water use efficiency by increasing stomatal impedance. Under the condition of no pore impedance, there is a linear relationship between dry matter yield and water consumption; there is no linear relationship between grain yield, water consumption and leaf growth. Third, we planted the cultivars collected from China under non-irrigated field conditions. Many Chinese breeds perform exceptionally well in France, especially Tiefeng 18, but unfortunately this species is late maturing.