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选用20对SSR引物对2007-2008年间从云南省56个县(区)收集的416份地方稻种进行遗传多样性分析。共检测到116个等位变异,每个位点变幅为3～13,平均为5.8个;SSR引物多态性信息含量PIC指数平均为0.681,最小为RM18的0.349,最大的RM6748为0.891;56个县的PIC变幅为0.025～0.679,平均为0.381,勐海县的PIC最高,广南县等仅有1份参试材料的8个县的PIC最低。聚类结果表明,在遗传一致度为0.362处将56个县的稻种分为3个类群,第Ⅰ类包括勐海等54个县,在阈值为0.499处又分为2个亚类,其中亚类Ⅰ-1包括36个县,亚类Ⅰ-2包括18个县,第Ⅱ类仅包括思茅区,第Ⅲ类仅包括河口县;楚雄州的牟定县与姚安县的遗传一致度最大,为0.943,大姚县与姚安县的遗传一致度也较高,为0.925,思茅区与宁蒗县的遗传一致度最小,为0.033,各县(区)的遗传一致度与地理位置有一定的相关性。本研究结果表明,云南当前种植的地方稻种具有丰富的遗传多样性,但分布很不均匀,遗传多样性主要集中在西双版纳、德宏、普洱、临沧和红河5个州市。
Twenty pairs of SSR primers were used to analyze the genetic diversity of 416 local rice cultivars collected from 56 counties (districts) in Yunnan Province during 2007-2008. A total of 116 alleles were detected, ranging from 3 to 13 in each locus, with an average of 5.8. The polymorphism information content of the SSR primer PIC index averaged 0.681, the minimum was 0.349 for RM18, the maximum RM6748 was 0.891; PICs of 56 counties ranged from 0.025 to 0.679 with an average of 0.381. PICs in Menghai County were the highest, and PICs in 8 counties with only 1 copy of materials in Guangnan County were the lowest. The clustering results showed that in the genetic consistency of 0.362, the rice seedlings in 56 counties were divided into three groups. The first group consisted of 54 counties such as Menghai, and was divided into two subtypes at the threshold of 0.499, of which, Subclass I-1 includes 36 counties, sub-category I-2 includes 18 counties, category II includes only Simao District, category III includes only Hekou County, and Chuxiong prefecture has the highest genetic agreement with Yao’an County , 0.943. The genetic identity of Dayao County and Yao’an County was also high, 0.925. The genetic identity between Simao District and Ninglang County was the lowest, which was 0.033. The genetic identity and geographic location of each county (district) Relevance. The results of this study showed that the current rice varieties in Yunnan Province are rich in genetic diversity, but the distribution is very uneven. The genetic diversity is mainly concentrated in Xishuangbanna, Dehong, Pu’er, Lincang and Honghe.