因特网的发展对带宽的要求越来越高 ,现有的地面网络远远不能满足用户的需求 ,交互的、高速的、和因特网结合的新一代卫星通信网络是目前研究的热点。该文分析了传输控制协议 (TCP)的运行机制 ,以及它在高延时带宽积和高突发误码率的卫星信道上传输效率低下的原因。按照从链路层到应用层的分类方法 ,对目前提出的众多对 TCP协议改进方案进行了描述 ,并对各种方案的特点作了简单总结。作为地面网络的补充 ,卫星网络已经成为因特网的重要部分 ,针对卫星网络进行的 TCP协议改进也必将成为未来因特网协议的一部分 The development of the Internet demands more and more bandwidth. The existing terrestrial networks are far from meeting the needs of users. A new generation of satellite communications networks that are interactive, high-speed and Internet are the hot topics currently studied. This paper analyzes the operation mechanism of Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the reason of its low transmission efficiency on satellite channels with high delay bandwidth product and high burst error rate. According to the classification method from the link layer to the application layer, a number of TCP protocol improvement schemes proposed at present are described, and the characteristics of the various schemes are briefly summarized. As an addition to terrestrial networks, satellite networks have become an important part of the Internet and improvements to the TCP protocol for satellite networks are bound to become part of the future Internet protocol