点石成金:15世纪后半叶以前,化学还未产生如元素、化合物、分解等科学概念。中世纪的科学家的思想总的来说, 还是处在“实物能彼此相互转变”的观点支配下,其结果是使点金术家徒劳的妄想把铜和某些贱金属转变成金。另外炼 Into the Rock: Before the second half of the fifteenth century, chemistry had not produced scientific concepts such as elements, compounds, and decomposition. In general, the ideas of scientists in the Middle Ages were still governed by the view that “the physical objects could transform with each other.” The result was a futility of the alchemists who turned copper and certain base metals into gold. In addition