王国维在《人间词话》中说:“诗人对宇宙人生,须入乎其内,又须出乎其外。入乎其内,故能写之。出乎其外,故能观之。人乎其内,故有生气。出乎其外,故有高致。”这话虽是针对文艺创作而言,却指出了诗歌鉴赏的不二法门。简单地说,“人乎其内”就是要“钻进去”——借助联想和想象,设身处地的进入诗歌营造的意境当中,以获得真切地感受、体验和领悟。苏联符号学家洛特曼曾经指出:诗的特性就在于它激活了词语的全部潜能,迫使它携带远多于其在日常生活语言中所携带的丰富含义。正因为这样,诗歌强调语言的启发性和暗示性,往往通过隐喻、象征、通感、夸张的手法,追求言有尽而意无穷的效果,使人感到不容易 Wang Guowei said in the book “Human Words”: “The poet must be in the universe and live in it, but must be outside. Into him, he can write it. Beyond it, he can view it. Because people care about it, they are angry. Out of it, they are highly motivated.” “These words are directed at literary and artistic creation, but they point out the only way to appreciate poetry. To put it simply, “human beings ” means to “drill into ” - with the aid of association and imagination, we enter into the artistic conception created by poetry in order to obtain true feelings, experience, and comprehension. The Soviet symbolist Lotman once pointed out that the characteristic of poetry is that it activates the full potential of a word, forcing it to carry far more rich meaning than the language it carries in everyday life. Because of this, poetry emphasizes the enlightening and suggestive nature of language. It often uses metaphor, symbolism, synaesthesia, and exaggerated techniques to pursue the effects of words that are infinitely inexhaustible, making people feel uncomfortable.