论文部分内容阅读
英语中的特殊句式包括倒装、强调、反意问句、祈使句、感叹句、省略及“There be”结构。分析近五年高考中有关特殊句式的考点分布,倒装位于首位。高考中对倒装的考察主要体现在以下几个方面:
一、含有否定意义的副词、短语置于句首时,其后的句子须用部分倒装。
【例1】(2009 陕西 18) Little ____ about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself.
A. did Rose careB. Rose did care
C. Rose dose care D. dose Rose care
分析:答案A. 句意:虽然身处险境,Rose却丝毫不在乎她个人的安危。否定副词little置于句首,主句主谓须用部分倒装。因为从句是一般过去时态,故选A.
【例2】(2006 重庆 24) I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means ____ with my progress.
A. the teacher is not satisfied
B. is the teacher not satisfied
C. the teacher is satisfied
D. is the teacher satisfied
分析:答案D. 句意:我已非常努力来提高英语水平,但老师对我的进步一点儿也不满意。“by no means”为否定意义的短语, 它置于句首时,其后的句子主谓须用部分倒装。又因 “by no means”意为“绝不”,故不能选B.
(表示否定意义的副词常有 never, nor, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely, rarely及短语at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case,
by no means, on no condition等位于句首时,其后的句子须用部分倒装。)
二、Only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句时,表示“只有”且放于句首时,主句须用部分倒装。
【例3】(2008 重庆 26) Only when I left my parents for Italy ____ how much I loved them.
A. I realized B. I had realized
C. had I realizedD. did I realize
分析:答案D. 句意:只有当我离开父母去了意大利时,我才意识到我有多么爱他们。Only修饰时间状语从句放在句首,主句须用部分倒装。根据句意主句应用一般过去式,故选D.
【例4】(2007 德州质检)Only under special circumstances _____ to take up those tests.
A. are freshmen permitted
B. freshmen are permitted
C. permitted are freshmen
D. are permitted freshmen
分析:答案A. 句意:只有在特殊的情况下,新手们才被允许参加那些考试。Only+介词短语放句首时,其后的句子引起部分倒装。
三、So + be/助动词/情态动词+主.意为“也如此”,表示下一句的主语也适用于上句的情。Neither/Nor + be/ 助动词/情态动词+主语.意为“也不这样”,用于否定句的答语。
【例5】(2007 江苏 31)--My room gets very cold at night. --___________.
A. So is mine B. So mine is
C. So does mine D. So mine does
分析:答案C。句意:--我的房间晚上很冷。--我的也是。So引导倒装结构。该答语中助动词的选择由上句结构决定。因为上句用的是一般现在时,谓语为实意动词,故选C.
【例6】(2008 辽宁 35) Bill was not happy about the delay of the report by Joson, and_______.
A. I was neither B. neither was I
c. I was eitherD. either was I
分析:答案B。句意:比尔对推迟贾森作报告这件事表示不高兴,对此,我也不高兴。Neither/nor引导的倒装句,用于否定句中,表示下一句的主语也不适合上文的情况。
四、表示方式、方位或时间的副词或介词短语,如here ,there, now, then ,up, down, in, away, off, out, in the room, on the wall等置于句首且主语为名词时,引起完全倒装。其结构为“表方位,方式或时间的副词或短语+谓语动词+主语(名词)”。
【例7】(2009 福建 25) For a moment nothing happened, then____ all shouting together.
A. voices had come B .came voices
C. voices would come D. did voices come
分析:答案B. 句意:那会儿,什么都没有发生。之后大家一起欢呼起来。Then表时间的副词置于句首且主语为名词,故用完全倒装。
【例8】(2009 上海 38)Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away____.
A. fleeing the thief B. was fleeing the thief
C. the thief was fleeing D. fled the thief
分析:答案D. 句意:听到狗的狂叫声小偷逃掉了。away 为表示方位的副词,置于句首且主语为名词,引起完全倒装。故选D.
五、So +adj/adv ……that……,或Such(a/an) +adj +n……that……句型中,主句常用部分倒装,从句不用倒装。.
【例9】(2009 山东 27) So sudden ____that the enemy had no time to escape.
A. did the attackB. the attack did
C. was the attackD. the attack was
分析:答案C.句意:这次袭击非常突然以至于敌人没有时间逃跑。
【例10】(2008 东北三校第一次模拟) ____ rapid progress has he made that we all admire him.
A. VeryB. So C .Such D .Too
分析:答案C.句意:他取得了如此大的进步以至于我们都很羡慕他。
总结:要突破高考中倒装考题,首先,一定要反复练习,确保记忆的准确和全面。其次,不可对语法条目进行简单、机械地记忆,理解才是关键。最后,认真研读高考题目,了解高考题目的立意方向和设题风格,做到知己知彼,百战不殆。
(陕西洋县城关中学)
一、含有否定意义的副词、短语置于句首时,其后的句子须用部分倒装。
【例1】(2009 陕西 18) Little ____ about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself.
A. did Rose careB. Rose did care
C. Rose dose care D. dose Rose care
分析:答案A. 句意:虽然身处险境,Rose却丝毫不在乎她个人的安危。否定副词little置于句首,主句主谓须用部分倒装。因为从句是一般过去时态,故选A.
【例2】(2006 重庆 24) I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means ____ with my progress.
A. the teacher is not satisfied
B. is the teacher not satisfied
C. the teacher is satisfied
D. is the teacher satisfied
分析:答案D. 句意:我已非常努力来提高英语水平,但老师对我的进步一点儿也不满意。“by no means”为否定意义的短语, 它置于句首时,其后的句子主谓须用部分倒装。又因 “by no means”意为“绝不”,故不能选B.
(表示否定意义的副词常有 never, nor, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely, rarely及短语at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case,
by no means, on no condition等位于句首时,其后的句子须用部分倒装。)
二、Only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句时,表示“只有”且放于句首时,主句须用部分倒装。
【例3】(2008 重庆 26) Only when I left my parents for Italy ____ how much I loved them.
A. I realized B. I had realized
C. had I realizedD. did I realize
分析:答案D. 句意:只有当我离开父母去了意大利时,我才意识到我有多么爱他们。Only修饰时间状语从句放在句首,主句须用部分倒装。根据句意主句应用一般过去式,故选D.
【例4】(2007 德州质检)Only under special circumstances _____ to take up those tests.
A. are freshmen permitted
B. freshmen are permitted
C. permitted are freshmen
D. are permitted freshmen
分析:答案A. 句意:只有在特殊的情况下,新手们才被允许参加那些考试。Only+介词短语放句首时,其后的句子引起部分倒装。
三、So + be/助动词/情态动词+主.意为“也如此”,表示下一句的主语也适用于上句的情。Neither/Nor + be/ 助动词/情态动词+主语.意为“也不这样”,用于否定句的答语。
【例5】(2007 江苏 31)--My room gets very cold at night. --___________.
A. So is mine B. So mine is
C. So does mine D. So mine does
分析:答案C。句意:--我的房间晚上很冷。--我的也是。So引导倒装结构。该答语中助动词的选择由上句结构决定。因为上句用的是一般现在时,谓语为实意动词,故选C.
【例6】(2008 辽宁 35) Bill was not happy about the delay of the report by Joson, and_______.
A. I was neither B. neither was I
c. I was eitherD. either was I
分析:答案B。句意:比尔对推迟贾森作报告这件事表示不高兴,对此,我也不高兴。Neither/nor引导的倒装句,用于否定句中,表示下一句的主语也不适合上文的情况。
四、表示方式、方位或时间的副词或介词短语,如here ,there, now, then ,up, down, in, away, off, out, in the room, on the wall等置于句首且主语为名词时,引起完全倒装。其结构为“表方位,方式或时间的副词或短语+谓语动词+主语(名词)”。
【例7】(2009 福建 25) For a moment nothing happened, then____ all shouting together.
A. voices had come B .came voices
C. voices would come D. did voices come
分析:答案B. 句意:那会儿,什么都没有发生。之后大家一起欢呼起来。Then表时间的副词置于句首且主语为名词,故用完全倒装。
【例8】(2009 上海 38)Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away____.
A. fleeing the thief B. was fleeing the thief
C. the thief was fleeing D. fled the thief
分析:答案D. 句意:听到狗的狂叫声小偷逃掉了。away 为表示方位的副词,置于句首且主语为名词,引起完全倒装。故选D.
五、So +adj/adv ……that……,或Such(a/an) +adj +n……that……句型中,主句常用部分倒装,从句不用倒装。.
【例9】(2009 山东 27) So sudden ____that the enemy had no time to escape.
A. did the attackB. the attack did
C. was the attackD. the attack was
分析:答案C.句意:这次袭击非常突然以至于敌人没有时间逃跑。
【例10】(2008 东北三校第一次模拟) ____ rapid progress has he made that we all admire him.
A. VeryB. So C .Such D .Too
分析:答案C.句意:他取得了如此大的进步以至于我们都很羡慕他。
总结:要突破高考中倒装考题,首先,一定要反复练习,确保记忆的准确和全面。其次,不可对语法条目进行简单、机械地记忆,理解才是关键。最后,认真研读高考题目,了解高考题目的立意方向和设题风格,做到知己知彼,百战不殆。
(陕西洋县城关中学)