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从1982年,YARD有限公司就开始了对人工智能(AI)应用的研究。目前,该公司军用人工智能的重点是在海军指挥与控制领域。这方面承担的项目包括:理论上的可行性研究、工作样机系统的建造和支持指挥与控制问题专用软件工具的开发。该项工作已经研究了特殊应用领域获取知识和用计算机模拟这种知识的基本问题以及人工智能从实验室走向真实世界需要解决的重要方法和技术问题。尤其是,我们研究了知识工程怎样才能与常规系统工程的寿命周期进行最佳综合,以致于把人工智能用于提高现有指挥系统的置信度。 本文评述了YARD公司过去和现在在海军指挥与控制项目中所做的许多人工智能方面的工作。本文将叙述各方面的问题并概述解决方法的本质。叙述的问题包括:人工智能在特别领域的应用以及与知识工程方法和技术有关的定义和选择的一些问题,这些方法和技术要适合于人工智能在现有指挥系统中应用。根据获得的经验和教训,本文还考虑了人工智能在广泛的指挥与控制方面的未来作用,以及效益,觉察到的应用领域和可能的系统结构与技术。
Since 1982, YARD Co., Ltd. has started research on artificial intelligence (AI) applications. At present, the company’s military artificial intelligence focuses on the field of naval command and control. Projects undertaken in this area include theoretical feasibility studies, the development of prototype workplaces and the development of software tools specific to command and control issues. This work has examined the basic problems of acquiring knowledge and simulating such knowledge in the field of special applications and the important methods and technical problems that need to be solved when the artificial intelligence goes from the laboratory to the real world. In particular, we examined how knowledge engineering can best be integrated with the life cycle of conventional systems engineering, so that artificial intelligence can be used to increase the confidence of existing command systems. This article reviews many of YARD’s past and present work on artificial intelligence in naval command and control projects. This article will describe various aspects of the problem and outline the nature of the solution. Described issues include: the application of artificial intelligence in special fields and the definition and selection of knowledge-engineering methods and techniques that are appropriate for the application of artificial intelligence to existing command systems. Based on the lessons learned, this paper also considers the future role of artificial intelligence in a wide range of command and control, along with benefits, perceived areas of application, and possible system architecture and techniques.