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交际语言能力理论认为语用能力是语言能力的一个重要组成部分,因此语言测试必须检测语用能力。文章综述了国内外对于语用能力以及外语语用能力测试的研究,归纳了在我国开展语用能力测试面临的诸多困难:确定外语语用能力的构念、设计试题和制定评分标准中存在的困难,以及难以开展测试的效度验证等。针对这些困难文章提出了一些建议性对策,如借用语用学、跨文化交际和外语教学理论来界定语用测试的构念;通过问卷采集母语者及学习者在语用环境中的语言使用来编写选项和评分标准;从测试前、测试中和测试后三个方面把语言学理论、认知心理学理论和方法以及心理测量学手段综合起来验证效度。
Communicative language proficiency theory that pragmatic competence is an important part of language skills, language testing must detect pragmatic competence. This article summarizes the research on pragmatic competence and pragmatic competence test at home and abroad, and sums up the difficulties in carrying out pragmatic competence test in our country: the conception, the design questions and the formulation of scoring standards in pragmatic competence of foreign language Difficulties, and validation of tests that are difficult to carry out. Proposed countermeasures for these difficult articles, such as borrowing pragmatics, intercultural communication and foreign language teaching theory to define the concept of pragmatic testing; through the questionnaire acquisition of native speakers and learners in the pragmatic environment to use language to Writing options and grading standards; combining linguistic theory, cognitive psychology theory and method, and psychometric methods to verify validity from three aspects: pre-test, post-test and post-test.