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在台湾,一般人群的乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)带毒率为15～20％,是全世界最高的一个地区。围产期的母—婴HBV感染在保持台湾世世代代慢性HBsAg带毒方面起着关键作用。调查表明由HBsAg带毒母亲产下的婴儿有40％在围产期初成为慢性带毒者。围产期HBV传播多数发生于乙型肝炎e抗原(HBeAg)阳性的母亲。这些婴儿有86～96％成为慢性HBsAg带毒者,而抗—HBe阳性母产产下的婴儿仅6～21％。HBV的母体传播对台湾的肝病己经产生极大的影响。最近,用乙型肝炎疫苗和乙型肝炎免疫球蛋自对婴儿进行免疫接种已显示出是防止围产期引起HBsAg带毒的安全有效的预防措施。根据这些资料,1984年7月1日开始了全台湾的免疫接种计划,对有最大危险性感染慢性HBV的对象即HBsAg带毒母亲生下的新生儿进行接种。由于HBV疫苗和乙肝免疫球蛋自成本高,且两种制品在计划实施初期均需进口,因此,决定开始时集中精力对带毒母亲产下的婴儿进行接种,其后几年再引用于其他人群.接
In Taiwan, the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) infection in the general population is 15-20%, the highest in the world. Perinatal maternal-infant HBV infection plays a key role in keeping chronic HBsAg carriers in Taiwan for generations. Surveys show that 40% of infants born to HBsAg-bearing mothers become chronic carriers of perinatal origin. Perinatal HBV transmission occurs mostly in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) -positive mothers. 86% to 96% of these infants are chronic HBsAg-infected and 6-21% of infants born to anti-HBe positives. The maternal transmission of HBV has had a huge impact on Taiwan’s liver disease. Recently, immunization of infants with Hepatitis B and Hepatitis B immunoglobulin has shown to be a safe and effective preventive measure against perinatal HBV infection. Based on these data, a Taiwan-based immunization program was started on July 1, 1984 to vaccinate newborns born to HBsAg-bearing mothers with the greatest risk of chronic HBV infection. Since HBV vaccines and hepatitis B immunoglobulin are expensive and both are imported at the beginning of the program, it is decided to initially focus on the vaccination of infants born to infected mothers, and then refer to other Crowd