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通过2001~2004年的大田试验研究了免耕秸秆覆盖对黄土高原西部旱地麦田土壤温度的影响。结果表明,土壤温度与气温关系密切;雨季土壤贮水多会导致土壤比热增大而来年早春地温回升慢;免耕秸秆覆盖与传统耕作的地温差不受天气状况的影响。与传统耕作相比,免耕秸秆覆盖可以稳定土壤温度,白天升温较慢,下午至夜间降温更慢。免耕秸秆覆盖降低春小麦全生育期的平均温度0.5℃~1.6℃,拔节至成熟期降低得更多,但对休闲期土壤温度影响不大。免耕秸秆覆盖春小麦经济产量可提高8.8%~28.8%,但产量与耕层平均地温无明显相关性。
The effects of no-tillage straw mulching on soil temperature in dryland wheat field in west Loess Plateau were studied through field experiments from 2001 to 2004. The results showed that the soil temperature was closely related to the temperature. In the rainy season, the soil water storage would lead to the increase of soil specific heat and the temperature rise in early spring was slow. The temperature difference between no-tillage straw mulch and traditional tillage was not affected by the weather conditions. Compared with traditional tillage, no-tillage straw mulching can stabilize the soil temperature, slow warming during the day and slower during the afternoon till night. No-tillage straw mulching reduced the average temperature of spring wheat during the whole growing period by 0.5 ℃ ~ 1.6 ℃, but decreased more during the jointing and maturity stages, but had little effect on soil temperature during the fallow period. No-tillage straw spring wheat yield can be increased by 8.8% to 28.8%, but the yield and average temperature of topsoil no significant correlation.